Objective: To identify the impact of selective logging on the characteristics of reforestation in Central Vietnam. Research work carried out in 2017 in areas of selective logging of Huong Khe district, Ha Tinh province, at altitudes 200–300 above sea level. We studied 4 of the most economically valuable regenerated tree species from the 1st layer: Vatica tonkinensis, Madhuca pasquieri, Hopea pierrei, Erythrophleum fordii in the areas of felling 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2012. The intensity of logging was about 25–30 % of the stock. The density of undergrowth on felling areas increased compared with the control, and this increase two years out of four statistically significant for Vatica tonkinensis and Hopea pierrei. The undergrowth of Vatica tonkinensis is different from other species by stable number at logging sites of different year. Hopea pierrei number of undergrowth increases with age of cuttings. The photophilous undergrowth of Erythrophleum fordii, in contrast, has a high density in the 5–7-year- old cuttings area. The density of Madhuca pasquieri is not significantly different from the control. The occurrence of undergrowth is also higher in cutting areas. The total share of four breeds in the total composition of undergrowth is 36–41 % and it doesn’t change much with the age of felling. On the control this fact is not observed. The share of undergrowth of Vatica tonkinensis and Hopea pierrei is increasing in logging areas compared to the control. The number of undergrowth of all four species decreases with increasing of height. As a rule, there are a litle bit more small ones at the cutting areas compared to the control irrespective of the species; the largest one has the opposite tendency. In general, in the areas of selective felling with age 5–12 years, the undergrowth of the most valuable tree species differs from the control in the greater density, occurrence and share in the total composition of the undergrowth.

Nosocomial or hospital acquired infections are acquired by the patients during hospital stay. Bacteria were found to be responsible for the majority of infections followed by fungi, viruses, and protozoa. Literature has demonstrated that hospitals with infection control guidelines help reduce infection rates. We therefore isolated and compared common nosocomial organisms causing infections previous to and after the implementation of infection control measures to control healthcare-associated infections in our hospital setting. Strategy for infection control in our hospital setting was devised in the year 2010. These guidelines were frequently revised to improve the compliance of infection control measures. Infection control nurse helped record all the positive cultures in a surveillance format. This data on the number of isolates recovered from the cultures was documented and compared each year to check for the compliance of the infection control guidelines to reduce microbial isolates causing infections. Of the recovered 866 isolates from microbial cultures known to be causing nosocomial infections, 77.7% were gram-negative bacteria, 13.2% were gram-positive bacteria and 9% were fungi. A decrease in the number of microbes causing infections was observed after the implementation of infection control measures, with only 3.4% of the gram-positive microbes, 9.6% of the gram-negative microbes and 3.8% of the fungi being identified in the year 2017. Our study demonstrated that effectively devised infection control measures help reduce the number of organisms causing nosocomial infections further resulting in decreased infection rate.

It is shown that the effectiveness of protective technologies can be predicted using Markov chains, that is, on the basis of the application of probabilistic approaches in the phase transitions of the dynamics of the abundance of insect phytophages population (outbreak of number, depression, etc.) and assuming that changes in the state of the system occur at certain moments of time. The probability of transitions between states corresponds to the sum of the effectiveness of insecticides and the parameters of the system of predictors, which will allow to take into account the problem of incompleteness in accordance with the second theorem of Gödel (Gödel incompleteness theorem). One of these problems is the prediction of the dynamics of the number of insects, since it is impossible to construct a predictive model of the dynamics of the total number, based only on the number data, depending on the system level (population, agrocenosis, biocenosis, etc.); to solve this problem, it is necessary to involve the external predictors (modifying and regulating). In this context, it is important the right choice of predictors to obtain an adequate prediction of the behavior of the system at one level or another. Therefore, it is quite possible to use the basic provisions of the factorial dynamics of population theories (parasitic, biocenotic and climatic), the stochastic and the regulation theory of the dynamics of the population, the trophic and biogeocenotic theory of dynamics of populations. It is important to correctly estimate the level of the predictable system and to form the complex of additional predictors that are not its elements, in order to maximize the intensification of the predictive model. Based on the data on the abundance of the population and the effectiveness of the selected measure (chemical protection, biological agent, agrotechnical measure), it is possible to predict the probability of the population transition to a steady depressive state and the multiplicity of application of means for controlling the number of phytophages for its achievement

The objective of this work was to study the reasons for culling one-day old broiler chicks and to examine the relationship between the age and line of the hens and the culled chick's body mass. Hatching eggs and day-old chicks were collected from a commercial flock of the Cobb 500 and Ross 308 broiler lines. The eggs were collected when the hens were 32, 42 and 52 weeks old. The reasons for culling the chicks were assessed immediately after the chicks had been removed from the hatcheries. The four main groups of defects were distinguished, depending on the part of the chick's body. A fifth group covered general developmental defects. Within each group, the structural defects were identified in detail. The statistical analysis was performed in the R project. Amongst 57 600 chicks evaluated, 1042 malformations disqualifying them from further rearing were found in 666. The most frequent developmental defects were associated with the structure of the abdominal wall and umbilical cord: these were found in 155 chicks from the Ross 308 line and in 107 from the Cobb 500 line. In turn, umbilical defects occurred in 95 and 104 chicks from the Ross 308 and Cobb 500 lines, respectively. Abdominal defects were the most common in 107 chicks from the 42-week-old layers and in 89 chicks from the 52-week-old layers. There were also correlations between the age of the parent flock and the following defects: glued down, lack of down on the wings, contorted hips, wry neck and spine, and lack of a wake-up reflex. The average body weights of the Ross 308 and Cobb 500 chicks were 44.00 g and 43.13 g, respectively, but these differences were not statistically significant. However, the age of the broiler breeders (42 or 52 weeks) did affect the chick's body weight (P ≤ 0.05). The lightest chicks (40.75 g) came from the Ross 308 line (age 42 weeks) and were nearly 4 g lighter than all the other groups. Most relationships between the lines of the layer hens at a particular age and the occurrence of malformations in the chicks were found in the hens aged 32 weeks, which may indicate the need for changes in the management of the eggs from the youngest layers belonging to the different lines.

The analysis of the spatial distribution of fingerlings in the waters of the North-Western Caspian was carried out on base of 2015–2018 trawl surveys. The spatial distributions of the Russian sturgeon fingering maps were drawn and compared for 4 years. The regions where the Russian sturgeon fingerlings feed the most mass were marked. The number and the spatial distribution of fingerlings were determined in two ways: 2D spline approximation and the Voronov’s polygon method. Both methods are included in the program “Cartmaster” developed by FSBSI “VNIRO”. The fingerling number estimates in the study area fell in the range from 2.479 to 5.490 million specimen, which corresponds to 8–15 % of the number of juveniles released from sturgeon hatcheries in 2015–2018. The results are used as base for predicting the stock recruitment and for estimating the contribution of sturgeon hatcheries to replenishing the Russian sturgeon population

It is shown that the effectiveness of protective technologies can be predicted using Markov chains, that is, on the basis of the application of probabilistic approaches in the phase transitions of the dynamics of the abundance of insect phytophages population (outbreak of number, depression, etc.) and assuming that changes in the state of the system occur at certain moments of time. The probability of transitions between states corresponds to the sum of the effectiveness of insecticides and the parameters of the system of predictors, which will allow to take into account the problem of incompleteness in accordance with the second theorem of Gödel (Gödel incompleteness theorem). One of these problems is the prediction of the dynamics of the number of insects, since it is impossible to construct a predictive model of the dynamics of the total number, based only on the number data, depending on the system level (population, agrocenosis, biocenosis, etc.); to solve this problem, it is necessary to involve the external predictors (modifying and regulating). In this context, it is important the right choice of predictors to obtain an adequate prediction of the behavior of the system at one level or another. Therefore, it is quite possible to use the basic provisions of the factorial dynamics of population theories (parasitic, biocenotic and climatic), the stochastic and the regulation theory of the dynamics of the population, the trophic and biogeocenotic theory of dynamics of populations. It is important to correctly estimate the level of the predictable system and to form the complex of additional predictors that are not its elements, in order to maximize the intensification of the predictive model. Based on the data on the abundance of the population and the effectiveness of the selected measure (chemical protection, biological agent, agrotechnical measure), it is possible to predict the probability of the population transition to a steady depressive state and the multiplicity of application of means for controlling the number of phytophages for its achievement

The results of the study are devoted to the important problem of potatoes – the attachment of large numbers of tubers to plants. Therefore, the purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of the crossing components on the expression of the index among the off spring of original material created with the participation of Mexican wild potato species. The studies were performed according to the methods adopted for breeding and genetic experiments with potatoes. The highest number of tubers (up to 12 pieces/nest) was characterized by the six-species hybrid 81.459s18, three-time backcross of the six-species hybrid 08.195/73, as well as the variety of intra-species origin of Podolia. The mean of the parents on manifestation of the trait depended on its expression in the crossing components and the maximum was 13.6 tubers/nest in the crossing components of the hybrid 08.195/73 and the Partner variety. The offspring of the combinations differed significantly in the limits of manifestation of the trait. It is established that its minimum value is due to the use of the maternal form of the Verdi variety. The opposite was true of the descendants of the crosses of Bagryanа x 89.202s79. Depending on the other component of the crossing, a specific reaction of the Podolia variety to the maximum number of tubers in the nest was detected. Selected populations with an average manifestation of a trait among offspring of more than 10 tubers/nest, which exceeded the expression of the standard varieties by 2 or more times. Successful in this respect were combinations of 10.6G38 x Podolia, Basis x Podolia, Bagryanа x 89.202s79 and Teteriv x Streams. The opposite was true for populations of Verdi x Basis and Stream x Podolia. A high or very close correlation was established between the mean population value of the indicator and, in part, offspring with a higher expression of the trait than in the better parental form; the average offspring and the proportion of hybrids with the number of tubers in the nest 10 pcs. and larger, and with more of them than in the best parent form.

The results of the study are devoted to the important problem of potatoes – the attachment of large numbers of tubers to plants. Therefore, the purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of the crossing components on the expression of the index among the off spring of original material created with the participation of Mexican wild potato species. The studies were performed according to the methods adopted for breeding and genetic experiments with potatoes. The highest number of tubers (up to 12 pieces/nest) was characterized by the six-species hybrid 81.459s18, three-time backcross of the six-species hybrid 08.195/73, as well as the variety of intra-species origin of Podolia. The mean of the parents on manifestation of the trait depended on its expression in the crossing components and the maximum was 13.6 tubers/nest in the crossing components of the hybrid 08.195/73 and the Partner variety. The offspring of the combinations differed significantly in the limits of manifestation of the trait. It is established that its minimum value is due to the use of the maternal form of the Verdi variety. The opposite was true of the descendants of the crosses of Bagryanа x 89.202s79. Depending on the other component of the crossing, a specific reaction of the Podolia variety to the maximum number of tubers in the nest was detected. Selected populations with an average manifestation of a trait among offspring of more than 10 tubers/nest, which exceeded the expression of the standard varieties by 2 or more times. Successful in this respect were combinations of 10.6G38 x Podolia, Basis x Podolia, Bagryanа x 89.202s79 and Teteriv x Streams. The opposite was true for populations of Verdi x Basis and Stream x Podolia. A high or very close correlation was established between the mean population value of the indicator and, in part, offspring with a higher expression of the trait than in the better parental form; the average offspring and the proportion of hybrids with the number of tubers in the nest 10 pcs. and larger, and with more of them than in the best parent form.

The study was conducted in the final waste disposal (TPA) Jatibarang, Kedungpane, Mijen, Semarang. A survey was conducted, targeting the beef cattle farmers who pastured their cattle in the TPA Jatibarang, Semarang. The observed variables were age (X1), education background (X2), length of stay (X3), total cattle owned (X4), and the farmer’s norm compliance (Y1). Purposive sampling was used to determine the sample of regions. Total respondents were determined by simple random sampling, selecting 70 out of 350 farmers (20%). The result of the analysis showed that 78.57% farmers were at their productive age (20-55 years old), 64.30% had elementary education background, 74.29% had been farming for over 14 years, and 62.86% had fewer than seven cattle. The farmers also showed a sound moral compliance. The result of spearman rank showed a non-significant correlation between age and length of farming experience with norm compliance. Age was negatively correlated with norm compliance, but education background and total cattle owned were significantly correlated with norm compliance, showing a correlation value of 0,248* and 0,610*, respectively.

Eleven trawling operations were carried out in MersinBay (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea) between September 2017 and November 2018as part of the museum of theSystematic. In this study, 102 fish species belonging to 66 families of20 orders were sampled. They were listed on the museum catalogue(MEUFC-17-11-001-MEUFC-18-11-102). Thesespecies were preserved in 4% formalin and was deposited in the Museum of theSystematic, Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University. The majority ofspecies (~%54) belong to the order of the Perciformes. The other orders: Tetradontiformes(~%7) > Scorpaeniformes (~%5) > Mugiliformes = Pleuronectiformes =Carcharhiniformes = Myliobatiformes = Syngnathiformes = Anguilliformes = Squaliformes(~%3) > Clupeiformes = Rajiformes = Beloniformes (~%2) > Torpediniformes= Hexanchiformes = Rhinopristiformes = Squatiniformes = Zeiformes = Beryciformes= Aulopiformes (~%1). While 61% of the species are Atlanto-Mediterranean, 28 %of the species are Indo-Pacific. Few species were circumglobal (9%) andtropical originated species (2%).