This study aimed to test different chemical agents to obtain microbiologically safe industrial hemp seeds that could be used for further food processing (with the reduced total number of microorganisms, total number of moulds and yeasts, and total number of Enterobacteriaceae). In order to obtain seeds applicable for food consumption, optimal storage temperature conditions (room temperature, refrigerator, freezer), method of seed packaging (vacuum/without vacuum), and the application of various chemical treatments (ethanol, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hypochlorite) were tested on the certified industrial hemp seeds, produced in two consecutive years. Optimal storage conditions differed for different microorganisms, and the most optimal storage was at room temperature, for seeds produced in 2018, in the treatment to reduce the total number of Enterobacteriaceae and the total number of microorganisms. When storing seeds from 2018 in order to reduce the number of yeasts and moulds, a slightly lower number was spotted when seeds were stored in a vacuum-sealed bag, at the refrigerator/freezer temperature. For hemp seeds produced in 2019, the most optimal storage conditions were at the refrigerator (for reduction of the total number of Enterobacteriaceae) and freezer temperature (for reduction of the total number of microorganisms). For the reduction of the total number of moulds and yeasts, optimal conditions were at room temperature. Ethanol (75%, v/v) was the most effective disinfectant among the tested chemicals regardless of the initial number of microorganisms, with log reduction of 3.2 (for the total number of Enterobacteriaceae), 2.9 log (for the total number of microorganisms), and total reduction of the total number of yeasts and moulds after 10 minutes, for the seeds harvested in 2019, which were far more contaminated than the seeds harvested in 2018. Considering the price of the disinfection method with ethanol, sodium hypochlorite may be a better solution for the reduction of the number of microbiota on the seeds.

Chemical cues associated with predation attempts allow prey to trigger defensive behaviours. Accordingly, tadpoles of several species of anurans display strong behavioural responses to chemical cues of injured conspecifics. As part of the antipredator response, tadpoles show rapid and sustained inhibition of activity when exposed to chemical cues of predation. Although the ability to respond to cues of conspecifics has been confirmed in a wide variety of anuran species, studies about the tissue source and the chemical aspects of the molecules involved are scarce and contradictory. In the present work, we analysed the chemical characteristics, tissue source and release mechanism of the chemical alarm cue in Rhinella arenarum tadpoles. Our results support the hypothesis that a peptide of epidermal origin in mediates amphibian tadpole communication. | Fil: Raices, Marilina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina | Fil: Jungblut, Lucas David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina | Fil: Pozzi, Andrea Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; Argentina

The aim of the research is to make a comprehensive assessment of the new spring barley variety Tolkan of fodder grain use according to the economically valuable traits. Studies were carried out in 2016-2019. By the method of intraspecific hybridization of geographically distant forms and direction individual selection from the hybrid population of Pamos x Bankuti Korai, the new spring barley variety Tolkan has been developed. The variety is highly productive, of mid-ripening type, the growing season is 85 days, the average yield over the years of research was 5.4 t/ha, which exceeds the Biom standard variety by 0.8 t/ha (LSD05 = 0.15), the maximum yield is 7.7 t/ha. The main element of productivity is the mass of grain per head 0.97 g, which has a close reliable relationship with the yield, r = 0.96 (reliability threshold at the level of 5 %, R = 0.88), the variety is mostly adapted to environmental conditions, Cv = 30.2 % (Biom standard variety − 36.7 %). It is characterized by large grain, the average absolute grain mass forthe years of research is 51.0 g, maximum - 63.0 g, by high resistance to lodging at a plant height of 57 to 94 cm, by immunity to loose smut and barley smut (absence of damage on an infectious background). When studying the variety in the production test of 2018-2019 according to the bare fallow predecessor, the yield for the first sowing period (May 7-11) was 4.14 t/ha, for the Biom standard variety − 3.27 t/ha (LSD05 = 0.46), forthe second period (May 13-19) − 3.64 t/ha, for the standard variety − 2.4 t/ha (LSD05 = 0.39 t/ha). On the basis of the comprehensive assessment Tolkan spring barley variety was transferred to the state test in 2019.

The collection of economic data for fisheries and aquaculture is a pre-condition for an effective and sustainable management of marine and freshwater resources. To be able to promote Blue Growth it is important to understand the economic drivers both at the micro- and macro-economic level. Economic data collected for statistics purposes are based on historical account data and it is not uncommon, that the result from fisheries and aquaculture surveys are published two or more years after the financial accounts has been finalized. However, reliable data at the micro level for fishing vessels and aquaculture farms are not always available. Furthermore, when it comes to evaluate actual impacts on fisheries and aquaculture enterprises, political decision-makers need analysis showing real time scenarios. A network of representative model vessels and farms overcomes this research desideratum. According to agri benchmark network a typical fish farm or a typical fishing vessel is combines resources, labour and capital as established in the management and the addressed region today. The typical farm approach has the potential to evaluate the economic impact of new technologies, fisheries programmes, new managing frameworks or market conditions. The new approach of typical aquatic production systems has been tested in different countries among the globe in the recent years. My article sums up the principle of the approach and the experiences Thünen-Institute has made with typical farms and vessels so far.

Following organization of the scientific meetings as a series of “Workshops on Gamete Biology in Aquaculture” in 2014, 2016 and 2018, the workshop will be organized with a new concept as “International Symposium on Reproduction in Aquatic Animals (REPROAQUA-2020)” on 22-24 October 2020 in Trabzon, Turkey.

The salinity of the Shatt al-Arab River is determined by the volume of freshwater entering the river from tributaries and on the tidal forces from the Arabian Gulf. The implementation of hydrological projects by upstream countries has led to a reduction in the freshwater discharges reaching the Shatt al-Arab. The decrease in freshwater volume in the Shatt al-Arab has made space for saltwater from the Arabian Gulf to intrude 150 km upstream from the river mouth. Saltwater intrusion (SWI) in the Shatt al-Arab is harmful fish farmers in Al-Mashab marshes, north of Basrah, southern Iraq. The SWI in 2018 was the most severe on record, resulting in the mass mortality of farmed fish in Al-Mashab marshes. As a result of the mass mortality of fish, farmers lost the main source of their income, which led to serious and complicated problems at the socioeconomic level. These problems may finally lead to social and political unrest in the case of absence of governmental planning and solutions.

Exopolysaccharides (EPS), important metabolites of microalgae and cyanobacteria, can be used as food additives, drug active substances, and in detergents, adhesives, and waste water treatment processes. Cyanobacterial EPSs are divided into two groups: the first group includes EPSs which are associated with the cell membrane (capsular, sheath), while the second group EPSs are released into the culture medium. The capsular polysaccharides can be found in the form of a sheath, capsule or mucilage. Cyanobacterial EPSs are heteropolymer structures consisting of monosaccharides, lipids, proteins and DNA. In this study, chemical characterization and metal binding properties of 3 different cyanobacterial (Cyanobium sp., Anabaena sp. and Limnothrix sp.) EPSs were investigated. Total protein concentrations ranged between 98,8 mg g-1 and 171,6 mg g-1 and total carbohydrate concentrations ranged between 252,1 mg g-1 and 320,5 mg g-1 per dry weight of the cyanobacterial EPS prepared in the study. Elemental compositions and metal (Cu+2, Cr+6 and Ni+2) adsorption properties of EPSs were determined with SEM-EDS analysis. According to elemental analysis EPS molecules mainly contained carbon (35,63-65,12%) and oxygen (21,39-40,27%).

agri benchmark is a network of applied agricultural economic research. The network collects data on production systems worldwide on farm level by using the typical farm approach and supplementary data of food producing sectors. The approach follows in the tradition of information systems like the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) which analyses European agricultural business since 1965. Since 2002 the Thünen-Institute from Germany coordinates the worldwide non-profit agri benchmark network and connect agriculture economists, farmers, their projects and train them how to use the typical farm approach. The decision of doing a pilot study on trout farms in Turkey, Denmark and Germany has been the starting point of the Fish network in 2014. After the successful application of the agri benchmark principles to the fish sector (Lasner et al. 2017) the German Thünen-Institute have developed the Fish network step by step. Studies on alternative fish feed (Behrens et al. 2019) and carp cultures followed (Lasner et al. 2020). Other studies on saithe and shrimp fisheries in the North Sea, pangasius aquaculture in Vietnam and the impact of climate change on aquacultures are already in the publishing process. For agri benchmark Fish, a slow growth of the network means a responsible and healthy growth. A network is only as good as its members. The core of the Fish network consists of experts, which know the production systems of aquaculture and fisheries best. Universities and research institutions are desired contacts. Producer organizations, ministries or advisory companies are considered as valued partners. Today, agri benchmark Fish is represented in various European cii Research projects (e.g. Peck et al. 2020), the Data Collection Framework of the European Union (DCF) and national pilot studies. In future, agri benchmark Fish aims to train national correspondents to use the valuable method of typical farms to monitor aquaculture and fisheries sector independently and simultaneously connected globally. For more information please visit www.agribenchmark.org

In this study, we are presenting the inflammatory and aphrodisiac potential of lionfish venom. Based on a case at the east Mediterranean coast of Turkey, our group made observations, certain blood as well as physiological tests to interpret the effect of the venom on the victim. The patient’s blood amounted to an immune response that had an inflammatory character rather than an allergic reaction based on the changes in the white blood cell content. Moreover, the patient had signs of muscle tissue injury as well as arrhythmia. The venom had erectile function increasing activity on the victim who was in line with the previously reported effect of lionfish venom at the intracellular level that also overlaps with the activity of Sildenafil. Our study suggests potential erectile dysfunction (impotence) treatment applications of the lionfish venom and is, to our knowledge, the first study to report and interpret such a potential of the venom.

Mevcut çalışmada, deniz balıkları larvalarının beslenmesinde kullanılan ticari mikroyemler (Orange Start S (100-200µ), Caviar (200-300µ), Caviar (300-500µ) ve Orange Grow L (500-800µ)) ve laboratuar şartlarında alginat üretim metoduyla (100-200µ-200-300µ, 300-500µ ve 500-800µ) üretilen mikroyemlerin, biyokimyasal kompozisyonlarının, moleküler ağırlık profillerinin ve 4 farklı (1.dakka, 3.dakka, 5.dakka ve 15.dakka) zaman aralığındaki besinsel kayıplarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Laboratuar ölçekli üretilen mikroyemlerin kül değerleri arasında istatistiksel farklılıklar gözlenmemiştir (p>0,05). Buna karşılık protein ve lipit değerleri arasındaki farklılıkların istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). En yüksek ve en düşük kül, lipit ve protein değerleri sırasıyla %13,29±0,23-%11,43±0,74, %16,43±0,30-%13,68±0,08 ve %53,6±0,12- %50,85±0,89 olarak belirlenmiştir. Test edilen mikroyemlerin en yüksek ve en düşük moleküler ağırlık ve besinsel kayıplarının % dağılımları sırasıyla 2532>= Da ve 2532-13000 Da aralığında olduğu bulunmuştur. Mikroyemlerin 67000<=Da, 13700-67000 Da ve 2532-13000 Da’a ait moleküler ağırlık profillerinin ve besinsel kayıplarının %30’dan daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.  Çalışmanın sonuçları, 2532>= Da bakımından yüksek moleküler ağırlığa sahip hammaddelerin rasyonlarda kullanımı sonucunda kültür tanklarında yüksek oranlarda besinsel kayıplara neden olacağını ortaya koymuştur. Besinsel kayıpları açısından,  alginat mikroyemlerin, Orange Start S   (100-200µ) ve Orange Grow L (500-800µ)’den daha iyi bir performans sergileyebilecekleri, aynı zamanda Caviar (200-300µ) ve Caviar (300-500µ)’ı ikame edebileceği belirlenmiştir.