Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are critical to maintaining ecological balance and are important pollinators. The oviposition behavior in honeybees is important and complex. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are found to form circRNA-miRNA crosstalk and play important roles in reproduction processes. Here, dual luciferase reporter was used to confirm the crosstalk between ame_circ_2015 and ame_miR-14-3p. Functional experiments in vitro and in vivo were performed to investigate the biological functions of ame_circ_2015 in egg-laying of queens. The results showed that ame_circ_2015 directly target ame_miR-14-3p, and the expression of ame_circ_2015 was negatively correlated with ame_miR-14-3p expression. Overexpression results showed that ame_circ_2015 promoted the number of eggs laid and knockdown of ame_circ_2015 suppressed the number of eggs laid. It demonstrates that up-regulated ame_circ_2015 promotes the number of eggs laid by sponging ame_miR-14-3p. The study will provide information towards a better understanding of circRNA-miRNA crosstalk in egg-laying in honeybees.

The study of bee colony growth patterns throughout the year makes it possible to substantiate the ways of creating strong families that will ensure high productivity in the collection of bee products. The research was conducted on bees of different genealogical formations of the Carpathian breed in private apiaries in the village of Navariya, Lviv region. To conduct the experimental studies, 6 groups of 10 bee colonies were formed: I – the control group – local bees of the Carpathian population (type “Vuchkovsky”); II – the experimental group – inbred group ♀ UA3-5-9-15.112-2018 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15. 112-2018 (♀ microline “915” x ♂ microline “915”); III – experimental group – breeding cross ♀ UA3-65-2019 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15.112-2018 (♀ microline “Sto” x ♂ microline “915”); IV – experimental group – breeding cross ♀ UA3-5-35-2019 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15. 112-2018 (♀ type “Vuchkovsky” x ♂ microline “915”); V – experimental group – breeding cross ♀ UA3-5-307/67-2018 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15. 112-2018 (♀ microline "67" x ♂ microline “915”); VI – experimental group – breeding cross ♀UA3-5-07-2018 x ♂ UA3-5-9-15.112-2018 (♀ microline “07” x ♂ microline “915”). It was established that bees of different breeding crosses of the Carpathian breed had certain differences in the strength of bee colonies, the number of closed broods, and bee bread productivity. The maximum values of bee colony strength and stocks of perga in all groups were noted during the inspection on 10 June. At the same time, the highest value of bee colony strength was observed in the fifth experimental group (19.7 hives), and the best bee colonies in the second experimental group (6992.0 cells) were found in terms of perg productivity. The highest values of the number of closed brood were recorded during the inspection on 29 May, with the bee colonies of the third experimental group prevailing in this respect (20547.6 cells). Thus, to increase the strength of bee colonies, the number of closed brood, and the bee bread productivity, it is advisable to breed interbreed crosses of the Carpathian subspecies since they are superior to local bees of the Vuchkovsky type in the above characteristics.

The research materials are based on the processing and analyzing the official results of the air and ground surveys conducted in 2019, providing departmental materials. The habitats with a high number of mountain sheep include the Karaganda, Turkestan, Dzhambul and Almaty regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The paper aims to estimate the changes in argali’s number and reveal the basic influencing factors. The total number of wild mountain sheep in Kazakhstan is 17954 heads. The paper shows that the share of the influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the number of argalis is 99.7%. The main influence on the number of snow sheep is exerted by anthropogenic factors such as poaching and economic use of the range of wild mountain sheep by humans. From time to time, severe fires affect the deterioration of the habitat. The authors attribute the creation of specially protected natural territories and the inclusion of subspecies in the Red Book of Kazakhstan to the positive impact of human activity on the argali population. In modern conditions, the natural potential viability and survival of mountain sheep and further naturalization are weak, although there is an increase in the number of argalis. These aspects indicate that the anthropogenic factor affects animals intensely. The analysis of variance shows and testifies to the high influence of the anthropogenic factor on the number of argalis in regions of Kazakhstan. Today, to improve the protection of mountain sheep, it is advisable to organize a network of specially protected natural territories in the mountainous regions of the south and south-east of Kazakhstan.

This study aimed to examine the impact of playing position (PP), match location (ML), and opposition standard (OS) on team and individual acceleration (ACC) and deceleration (DEC) efforts. Fifty professional football players were monitored across 24 English Premier DevelopmentLeague matches during the 2020/21 season. High-intensity ACC and DEC thresholds were set at > +3 m·s −2 and < -3 m·s −2 , respectively. Players were divided into five PPs: centre backs (CB; n = 68), full-backs (FB; n = 24), centre midfielders (CM; n = 54), wide midfielders (WM; = 15), centre forwards (CF; n = 27). Opposition standard was categorised as Top (1 st –4 th ), Middle (5 th –9 th ), and Bottom (9 th –13 th ) based on final league ranking of the study season. Each match location was classified as Home or Away. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a multivariate ANOVA analysed the independent effect of PP, ML and OS on ACC and DEC efforts, and the interaction of all contextual factors, respectively. Acceleration efforts were affected by PP and ML. FB performed 22% more ACC than WM. All players performed 6% more ACC actions during home matches compared to away fixtures. DEC efforts were only affected by PP, with FB and CM executing 26% and 32% greater DEC efforts than CB, respectively. When playing against top or middle teams at home, CB, CM, and CF tended to perform more high-intensity actions than when playing away. In contrast, when playing against top teams at home, FB and WM performed fewer high-intensity actions than when playing away. Playing position and ML affected ACC and DEC actions but not OS.

The article discusses a method of modelling the interaction of industrial illuminators with sensor arrays used in industrial vision systems cameras. The research used a model containing a light source and a sensor matrix. As part of the research, the average intensity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range on the surface of the sensor matrix was measured, as well as its analysis and interpretation using a model of illuminators. The light source is described based on the measurement of an authentic industrial illuminator, for which a photometric solid was determined using a photogoniometer and spectral irradiance with a spectroradiometer. A theoretical model of the matrix was prepared, enabling the selection and control of the parameters of its work. As part of the conducted research, the impact of changing the lighting model parameters, such as the photometric solid, spectral irradiance, and number of rays, and the effect of changing the matrix parameters, such as the dimensions, number of pixels, on the irradiance measurement, were checked. The results of simulation tests are presented for selected sets of models of the light source and for the model of sensors’ matrix. The summary presents the impact of changes in parameters adopted for models on the simulation results.

A comparative analysis of reproduction in two local populations of Libyan Jird (Meriones libycus) inhabiting in the semi-desert areas and foothill steppes of Azerbaijan, the Jeyranchol population is met most in the Western and the Absheron population most in the Eastern of Azerbaijan. The studied reproductive characteristics (sex composition, the relative ratio of the pregnant females and number of the embryos) are subject to the seasonal variation and geoclimatic factors determine largely the breeding success, according to observed indicators higher in the Jeyranchol population.

Air is an important part of human life. However, air can be contaminated with microorganisms such as airborne bacteria and fungi. Temperature and relative humidity in a room can have an impact on the quantity of airborne bacteria and fungi. This study aims to figure out the correlation between the number of airborne bacteria and fungi with temperature and relative humidity. In 15 rooms of Microbiology laboratory, NA and SDA Petri plates were placed, after incubation, the number of colonies in each plate was counted. Pearson test was conducted with SPSS to determine the correlation between temperature and relative humidity to the number of airborne bacteria and fungi. The highest number of airborne bacteria was in the reading room (352 CFU/m3), while the lowest number was in the laundry room (13 CFU/m3) and the highest number of airborne fungi was in the Mycology room (156 CFU/m3), while there were no airborne fungi found in the urine and laundry rooms. Based on the results of the Pearson test, it was found that the value of p = 0.668 (p> 0.5) showed that there was no correlation between temperature and the number of airborne bacteria and fungi. Based on the results of the Pearson test, the value of p = 0.745 (p> 0.5) showed that there was no correlation between relative humidity and the number of airborne bacteria and fungi. There is no correlation between temperature and relative humidity with the number of airborne bacteria and fungi.

The population of Ukraine should receive fresh greens from early spring to autumn from open field production and the period of growing spinach will ensure the supply of fresh greens. The purpose of the research was to study the possibility of extending the period of fresh greens supplying from the open field due to the extension of the seed sowing period in the open field. The research was conducted in 2019-2021 in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. For the research, field, statistical, calculationanalytical and laboratory methods were used. The varieties Fantaziia and Malakhit were studied. The behaviour of plants after six sowing dates was examined. The control variant was the variety Fantaziia for sowing in the 1st decade of April. It was found that plants of both varieties of spinach had a larger leaf surface (114.2-127.7 cm2 ) in the early sowing period. Plants which were sown in August had a smaller leaf surface – 86.0-106.2 cm2 . The highest yield of marketable green mass was obtained for sowing in the 3rd decade of April and 2nd decade of May. The variety Fantasia provided 22.9-23.0 t/ha, and the variety Malakhit provided 23.3-23.9 t/ha. The sowing date had a significant influence on the main chemical parameters of spinach of the Fantaziia and Malakhit varieties. The higher indicators were the sowing dates in the third decade of April and the second decade of May, when the brix reached the level of 6.4-6.8%, the sugars content – 2.3-2.4% and the content of vitamin C – 58-70 mg/100 g. It was established that the soil and climatic conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine were suitable for sowing spinach in six dates and would ensure an uninterrupted supply of products from the 3rd decade of April to the end of September inclusive, and in years with favourable weather conditions in the 2nd to 3rd decades September to mid-October. Such approach will solve the problem of seasonality in the consumption of fresh vegetables. The sowing dates are recommended to agricultural producers of spinach in order to extend the period of receiving fresh greens from the 3rd decade of April to the end of September and in some years to the middle of October

The pine stands of the Vyshcha Dubechnia State Forestry Enterprise in the Emerald Network sites Kyivske Reservoir UA0000094, Kyivske Podesennia UA0000233, Mizhrichynsky Regional Landscape Park UA0000047 are an important reserve that includes species and habitats of insects that are subject to protection. Most of the existing studies in this area were designed to identify and describe individual habitats, while xylophagous insects were not considered. The purpose of the research was to identify rare and endangered species of tree-dwelling insects in unique natural complexes. The research methods included reconnaissance surveys to determine the species composition of insects and their density. The surveys were conducted in 2020-2022, covering 33 plots with a total area of 50.5 hectares. The monitoring was performed through regular surveys of the territories, during which rare species listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine and the Berne Convention resolution were identified. A desktop analysis of forestry materials was conducted. Rare species of insects subject to protection are encountered, but outside the areas where monitoring observations were conducted. These are mainly water, marsh, meadow lands, etc. Accounting for stem pests such as Scolytinae (small pine engraver Tomicus minor and pine shoot beetle Tomicus piniperda), Buprestidae (steelblue jewel beetle Phaenops cyanea) and Cerambycidae (pine sawyer Monochamus galloprovincialis and timberman beetle Acanthocinus aedilis). The identified populations of xylophagous insects are described as low to medium density, occurring only on very weakened trees, and species such as Chrysobothris affinis, Cerambyx scopolii, and Scolytus ratzeburgi are rare. The results of the study will serve as an informational base for the development of regional biodiversity conservation programs and the implementation of mechanisms for the sustainable use of forest resources

In this paper we study a certain kind of generalized linear Diophantine problem of Frobenius. Let a1,a2,…,al be positive integers such that their greatest common divisor is one. For a nonnegative integer p, denote the p-Frobenius number by gp(a1,a2,…,al), which is the largest integer that can be represented at most p ways by a linear combination with nonnegative integer coefficients of a1,a2,…,al. When p=0, the 0-Frobenius number is the classical Frobenius number. When l=2, the p-Frobenius number is explicitly given. However, when l=3 and even larger, even in special cases, it is not easy to give the Frobenius number explicitly. It is even more difficult when p>0, and no specific example has been known. However, very recently, we have succeeded in giving explicit formulas for the case where the sequence is of triangular numbers [1] or of repunits [2] for the case where l=3. In this paper, we show the explicit formula for the Fibonacci triple when p>0. In addition, we give an explicit formula for the p-Sylvester number, that is, the total number of nonnegative integers that can be represented in at most p ways. Furthermore, explicit formulas are shown concerning the Lucas triple.