Bovine herpes virus-1 (BHV-1) was isolated from bull semen by inoculation onto chorioallantoic membrane of specific pathogen free eggs. The isolated virus was identified by agar gel precipitation test, Dot ELISA, pock reduction and neutralization test, as well as by histopathology. The isolated virus was propagated on Madin Darby Bovine Kidney cells and identified by polymerase chain reaction. In sero-survey for BHV-1 antibodies on 1091 collected serum samples 188 sera showed clear precipitation lines by AGPT

AAvian Mannheimia hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were investigated in different poultry farms at Beni-Suef governorate. Bacteriological examination of 160 samples which were taken from organs of freshly dead and diseased chickens revealed isolation of 50 (31.25%) isolates of Pasteurella.Spp., 16 (10%) isolates were Mannheimia hemolytica and 34(21.25%) isolates were Pasteurella multocida. Experimental infection was carried out on four weeks old Balady chickens which were inoculated with isolates of Mannheimia hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida separately, mortality rate in both reached to 80%. Samples were taken from dead chickens and examined bacteriolgically and histopathologicaly and Pasteurella. Spp. were reisolated from experimentally infected chickens. Antibiogram study with 10 types of chemotherapeutic agents revealed that both microorganisms were sensitive to ceftiofor, gentamycin and lincomycin + spectinomycin. The gross and microscopic pathologic lesions were variable in type and severity in field and experimentally infected cases. There was general hyperemia which most evident in veins of the abdominal viscera. Petecheal haemorrhages were frequently found and widely distributed. Livers of the most acutely affected birds were swollen and had multiple small focal areas of coagulative necrosis and heterophilic infiltration. Heterophilic infiltration also occurs in lungs and certain other parenchymotous organs.

The objective of the current study was to present baseline data on the morphology and surface architecture of the oviduct in adult female Balady duck grossly and by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fifteen apparently healthy adult female Balady ducks were used which weighted (2-4 kg). Two birds were formalized while the other birds were used in the fresh state for dissection then careful evisceration of the oviduct. For SEM five of the latter were used immediately after immersion in saline. Our data anatomically revealed that infundibulum had funnel and tubular parts, magnum was highly convoluted pale white or creamy color, less convoluted isthmus, dilated uterus and S-shape spiral vagina. The inner wall of the duct contains longitudinal folds in the first four parts while the vagina showed transverse thick folds. color of the mucosa was reddish in infundibulum, magnum and isthmus while greenish brown in color in the uterus and whitish yellow in the vagina. SEM showed primary and secondary folds allover the oviduct which became more thicker in the uterus and carrying tertiary folds in the vagina.

Escherichia coliare the most common cause of diarrhea in calves. Diarrhea in calvesremains one of the most important problems faced by livestock, causing great economic losses. Some strains ofE. coli characterized by the presence of specific virulence factors including haemolysin production, resistance to bactericidal effects of serum and Congo red binding activity. In this studyfecal samples were collected from 115 diarrheic calves aged from 3 days to one year and from different localities in Egypt along the period from February to August 2015.The prevalence of E. coli in diarrheic calves was 72.2%. 39.8% of isolated E. coli were haemolytic to sheep blood agar, 68.7% were serum resistant, 100% showed Congo red binding activity.

A total of a hundred and twenty samples of crustaceans, 60 samples of shrimp (30 peeled & 30 unpeeled shrimps) and 60 samples of local chilled crab were collected from Beni-Suef markets. Collected samples were evaluated by the physicochemical deteriorative criteria (pH and TVB-N), the bacterial load determination (mesophilic count, psychrophilic count, Staphylococcus aureus count and MPN of coliforms, faecal coliforms and E. coli), and isolation and identification of specific pathogens (E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus). All fresh and frozen seafood samples were judged as safe food from the microbiological point of view. The total mesophilic, psychrophilic and S. aureus for all examined seafood samples lies within the standard permissible limits recommended by national and international agencies. The suggestive measure for produce high-quality shrimp & crab was recommended.

This study was carried out in Sids Agricultural Research Station belonging to Animal Production Research Institute in Beni-Suef governorate on a total number of forty apparently healthy ewe lambs with average weight of 28±0.5 kg to clarify the effect of shearing as a stressor on comfort, feeding and social behaviour and blood cortisol level. Ewe lambs were divided into three groups, the first one (n=10) is shorn at spring, the second (n=10) is shorn in autumn and the third (n=20) is kept as a control. Results showed that there was no significant difference in patterns of comfort behaviour between shorn and unshorn ewes except for grooming behaviour which was significantly (p<0.01) increased in shorn than unshorn groups. Blood cortisol level was significantly (p<0.05) higher in ewes shorn in spring and autumn at time of shearing (zero minute) than pre-treatment (-20 minutes) and post-treatment time (3 hours following shearing). So the cortisol measurements is a useful indicator of short-term stresses from handling or husbandry procedures such as shearing.

lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was isolated, from naturally infected cattle that have a history of previous vaccination with live attenuated sheep pox virus (SPV) vaccine. The virus was isolated on chorio-allantoic membranes (CAM) of embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) and Madin Darby Bovine Kidney Cells (MDBK) and identified by agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) and immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFA). Characteristic pock lesions and intracyptoplasmic flourescene granules are identified respectively. Molecular characterization using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primer for G-Protein Coupled Chemokine Receptor Gene of LSDV isolates specific amplified product 554 bp. Sequence analysis revealed tow new isolates of LSDV.

A number of 50 Ardeola ibis ibis birds were found harboring six nematodes species; Tetrameres species, Microtteramere species, Synhimantus invaginatus, Synhimantus equispeculatus, Ascaridia species, Paracamallanus species,and five species of trematodes; Euclinostomum heterostomum, Nephrostomum ramosum, Apharyngostrigea ibis, Apatemon gracilis and Centrocestus armatus. The most common infection by nematodes was (46%) in which highest infection rate Synhimantus invaginatus recorded (30 %) while the trematode infection was (24 %) and Apatemon gracilis was the most prevalent (16 %). Experimental infection of buff backed heron by encysted metacercaria (EMC) and exysted metacercaria (ExMC) of Clinostomum complanatum from freshwater fish Tilapia nilotica, resulted in adult worms formed after 6 days. Where the infection by EMC recorded higher worm burden (14-18 worm) and hatching percent (78%) while the infection by ExMC gave lower worm burden (7-10 worm / bird ) and hatching (48 %). In the present study, it is worthy to mention that buff backed heron act as final host model for Clinostomum complanatum and this will be helpful in further biological and immunological studies for this trematode to decrease its economic losses in fish intermediate host.Fifty random samples of Kareish cheese were collected from different localities in Bani-suef Governorate. All samples were examined chemically for acidity, salt and moisture percent and bacteriologicaly for the presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella and Shigella species. The obtained results revealed that the mean values of acidity, salt and moisture % were 1.63 ± 0.095,3.55 ± 0.299 and 58.54 ± 0.599 in the examined kareish cheese samples, respectively.Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococci, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens were recovered from 16 (32%), 12(24%), 46 (92%), 25 (50 %) and 3 (6%) with a mean value of 4.86x102 ±4.21x10 2, 4.84x 10 5 ± 2.91x10 5, 3.74x10 6±1.55x10 6, 7.08x10 4±2.61x10 4 and 9.5x10 1 ± 7.37x10 1 of the examined samples , respectively. Yersinia enterocolitica could be isolated from 12% of the examined samples. Salmonella and Shigella species could not be detected in any of the examined samples. The isolated Escherichia coli were examined for serological identification, Enterotoxigenicity and the susceptibility of the isolated serovars to various chemotherapeutic agents. The public health significance and economical importance of the isolated organisms and the recommendations to be followed in the processing, handling and storage of such dairy product were discussed

Cellulitis is a serious problem for the poultry industry because of increased condemnations, carcass downgrading at processing, and higher labor costs to process affected flocks. In the present study, the prevalence of cellulitis was studied in 240 broiler chickens. The correlation between cellulitis and other systemic lesions of the same bird was investigated also. Moreover, identification of the causative bacterial agents was conducted focusing on E. coli and Salmonella isolates. The prevalence rate of cellulitis in examined broiler chickens was 38.3%. Cellulitis without systemic lesion was observed in 14.2% of birds while 24.2% of birds had cellulitis associated with other systemic lesions in the internal organs while hepatitis was the most frequent. The bacteriological examination revealed that of 253 samples collected, a total of 157 bacterial isolates were recovered (62.1%). Among the recovered isolates, E. coli was the most prevalent (126 isolates; 80.3%) as well as 4 Salmonella species (2.5%), 9 Proteus species (5.7%), 7 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.5%), 3 Enterobacter species (1.9%) and 8 Staphylococcus aureus (5.1%). Serogrouping of E. coli isolates revealed that O125 was the most prevalent; 32%, followed by serogroups O158, O55, O78 as 24%, 12%, 10%, respectively, then both O1 and O8; 6% for each, and finally O15; 4%. Antibiogram of E. coli isolates showed a high sensitivity against enrofloxacin only (81%) while they were moderately sensitive to apramycin (65.9%) and colistin sulphate (61.9%) as well as ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime sodium (56.3% and 55.6%, respectively). On the other hand, high moderate degrees of resistances were observed against the other antimicrobials. Salmonella isolates showed complete sensitivities to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin while they were completely resistant to most of antimicrbials.

The effect of 10 times (10x) overdose of enrofloxacin was studied in broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty chicks were classified in 3 equal groups. The first group received normal theurapeutic dose of enrofloxacin (1x) in drinking water for the first 5 consecutive days of age and repeated again at 24th -28th day of age. The second group received 10x (overdose) at the same ages. The third group was left non-medicated as a control group. Blood samples were taken on the 6th, 14th, 29th and 34th day of age for different laboratory tests. Enrofloxacin at 10x caused a decrease in the value of the following parameters: HI antibody titers to NDV vaccine at the 14th and the 34th day of age, serum albumin at the 10th day of age, hemoglobin at the 29th and the 34th day, lymphocytic count and IBDV ELISA titers at 29th day of age, uric acid at 29th day, phagocytic activity at 34th day, Lactobacillus spp. count in duodenum, feed conversion efficiency and body weight gain. The 10x (overdose) increased serum urea and creatinine at 29th day of age, serum AST and ALT at 29th and 34th day of age, and heterophilic count. Histopathological degeneration in liver, spleen, kidneys, bursa of Fabricius and thymus were demonstrated by 10x (overdose) of enrofloxacin. Challenge with vNDV caused 66.6% mortality in birds received the 10x (overdose) compared with 33.3% in the vaccinated non treated control group.