The aim of the presented study was to investigate the efficacy of intrafollicular GDF-9, GATA-4, GATA-6, IGF-I and IGF-II levels on etiopathogenesis of follicular cystic degenerations in dairy cows in accordance with some puerperal physiology parameters. After calving in the farm, all the cows were screened for the preovulatory and cystic follicles via ultrasonography with 5 MHz transrectal linear probe for the evaluation of ovarian activity at the days of postpartum 14, 24, 34, 44 and 55. Preovulatory and cystic follicular fluids were collected by aspiration via transvaginal ovum pick up method. Furthermore, uterine involution and vaginal discharges were evaluated by clinical examinations. Intrafollicular expression of GDF-9, GATA-4 and GATA-6 proteins were estimated by Western-blot assay and IGF-I levels were determined by ELISA. In cyst group, densitometric evaluation revealed that the expression of intrafollicular GDF-9, GATA-4 and GATA-6 and IGF-I levels were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.01). According to ovarian examinations, in cyst group, it was observed that at the day of postpartum 14 and 24, the difference in follicular diameters were significant between groups (p<0.01) and the follicles moved directly to cystic structure at the days of postpartum 24 or 34, is originated from same follicles at the day of postpartum 14. Involution process was observed to be slightly lower in cyst group, but, it was determined that there was no difference in uterine involutions among the study groups (p>0.05). In follicular cyst group, especially at the days of postpartum 24 and 34, the observation of severe mucotic vaginal discharges was found noteworthy. As a result, dairy cows presenting cystic ovaries, have lower intrafollicular GDF-9, GATA-4, GATA-6 and IGF-I levels than those of the preovulatory follicle group and also it has been suggested that, these proteins may play an active role in the etiopathogenesis of ovarian cysts and these findings may be associated with physiological parameters as well.

Embriyonic deaths (ED) are one of the most important economic losses in breeding mares. Energy deficit and hormonal changes in the lactating mare is expected to increase the incidence of embriyonic deaths. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the liability of ED from lactation and body condition score changes during breeding season in KWPN (Koninklijk Warmbloed Paard Nederland) mares, on which there are a limited number of studies about the reproductive properties in this breed. At the onset of reproductive activity inception in lactation, average body condition score (BCS) was  7.44 ± 0.24, until the second estrous cycle postpartum it was decreased (6.89 ± 0.20), and by the end of the breeding season  upward tendency (6.96 ± 0.18) was observed. In the non-lactating mares the average BCS was 6.33 ± 0.21, continuously rising until the end of the breeding season (7.17 ± 0.31). The rate of embryonic deaths were 25.58% in lactating mares (11/43). In the non-lactating mares, total of 16 pregnancies were recorded in any of the embryonic mortality was observed. As a result, the decrease in embryonic death occurred in body weight and BCS, depending on the energy loss in lactating mares KWPN was concluded to be remarkable factors with increasing incidence. Therefore the reproductive status of the mares in the generative approach has been demonstrated that a strategy should be kept in mind strongly.

Nigella (Nigella sativa) plants and oil for centuries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East today is by the United States and millions of people in Europe "to promote health" was a plant used and has been a material referenced in terms of health. As a result of scientific research, it was suggested that the seeds of vitamins, active substances and essential fatty acids should be consumed by scientists due to acid. Nigella sativa has significantly increased the total lymphocyte amount and has been supported by studies that have an immunomodulatory effect on both humans and animals. Healthy life support issues to the forefront of popular Cumin seed, which is an important component of thymoquinone (TQ) has been preferred due to potential medicinal properties as a source of healing. In the scientific researches, seedlings of black seed, vitamins, active substances and essential fatty acids may be useful to be consumed due to the products.

The aim of this study is to investigate the toxicity of biosilver particles on the rodent model. Ten guinea pigs were used for the sensitization test (Guinea pig maximization experiment) and 80 BALB-C mice 8-12 weeks old were used for systemic toxicity studies. Mice used in the study; acute, subacute, subchronic experimental groups and control groups. A single dose of nanobiosilver for the acute systemic toxicity test, 7 replicate doses of nanobiosilver intraperitoneal 50 ml / kg were given for the subacute and subchronic toxicity tests. At the end of the study, liver tissues were taken from animals and examined histopathologically. During the study, there were no significant changes in clinical findings in the groups. No significant changes were detected in the vital tissues of the study groups. As a result, it has been found that the biosilver particles do not show any acute, subacute and subchronic toxic effects on the rodent model.

This study was aimed to gain reliable data regarding the gender-based discrimination towards woman academicians working in the veterinary faculties in Turkey. The data is based on 220 (31.3 %) women academicians out of 544 women while the total educators working in 24 veterinary faculties in Turkey during 2017 were 1,739. The scope of the study was from career beginners to the women who are on the administration positions. Results showed that the memberships in the professional organization are increased up to 51.4 % where this ratio is directly proportional to the level of an academic position. 79.10 % think that there is no discrimination towards them due to their gender, while 57 % of them did not face a problem as a woman in their respective workplaces. The rate of women in the administration is 20.9 %. As a result, it can be concluded that academic profession offers relatively more equal employment opportunities to women, compared to other professions, however, the ratio of women is very less in the decision-making mechanisms in academia.

In this study, the protective effects of silymarin (SLY) against valproic acid (VPA) induced pancreatic damage were investigated using histological and biochemical parameters in rats. The experiment was performed with 21 Sprague Dawley male rats. Rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 control; group 2 VPA; group 3 VPA + SLY. 1 mL saline to the control group; VPA group, 500 mg / kg / day VPA; VPA + SLY group 500 mg / kg / day VPA and 100 mg / kg / day SLY were administered via gavage. Serum amylase and lipase levels increased with VPA application were reversed with SLY application. In addition, with VPA application, malondialdehyde (MDA) increased and glutathione (GSH) levels reduced in pancreatic tissue. This situation was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) suppressed with the application of SLY. Histopathological changes (acinar cell degeneration, hemorrhage, infiltration, necrosis and shrinkage in langerhans islets) in the pancreas. Reaktif oxygene species (ROS) and histopathological changes decreased and antioxidant activity increased in VPA + SLY group compared to VPA group. The results obtained in this study; SLY can protect against VPA-induced pancreatic damage and can also be a pharmacological agent with therapeutic properties.

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the treatment of long bone fractures of cats and dogs by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), guided by radiological and walking-weight bearing criteria. For this purpose, 6 dogs and 1 cat, were operated according to MIPO procedures. After general anesthesia with butorphanol-propofol-sevoflurane, the fragments were aligned with closed reduction, and a MIPO plate was placed periostally via the created soft tissue tunnel. Fracture healing was assessed postoperatively at 0, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days by radiographic examination and walking-weight bearing scales. From the controls made on the 14th day, it was observed that all the cases could walk. The average time for radiographic union of 7 cases were found to be 47.42 (±4.98) days. As a result, MIPO technique was considered to be an alternative to traditional -open- plate osteosynthesis methods in the treatment fractures of cats and dogs.

The purpose of this study is to identify the general profiles of female veterinarians in economic life and to determine the status of their professional performances. A survey study was conducted with 110 women out of 511 women who are engaged in veterinary clinic management businesses in Turkey. In the survey, it was determined that female veterinarians who performed clinic management businesses worked at an average of 9.91 hours on weekdays, and that 79% of them predominantly had pets in their clinics, and regarding that, pet clinic management was being carried out. In the interviews, it was determined that, the highest incomes in clinics were received from vaccination-drug revenues, examination-treatment, and operations; depending on the city that the clinic is located and whether there are pets or not. In the study conducted, it was determined that the average monthly incomes of the clinic enterprises belonging to female veterinarians were $ 1.917 and the average monthly profits were $ 868. As a result, it is thought that, female veterinarians’ participation in supplementary vocational training activities, and improving their managerial skills by focusing on customer satisfaction and advertising activities, will help to solve problems in the professional life.

Abstract

Abstract