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Assessment of a bone biopsy technique for measuring tiludronate in horses: A preliminary study
2011
Delguste, Catherine | Doucet, Michèle | Gabriel, Annick | Guyonnet, Jérôme | Lepage, Olivier M. | Amory, Hélène
This study assessed the feasibility of measuring tiludronate in horses using a minimally invasive bone biopsy technique. Eight horses were treated with intravenous (IV) tiludronate [1 mg/kg bodyweight (BW)], either once (n = 4) or twice, 28 d apart (n = 4). The horses that were treated once were euthanized on days 1, 43, 57, or 92 and those that were treated twice, were euthanized on days 112, 154, 194, or 364. Bone samples were taken bilaterally from each horse at 4 sites: the third metacarpal bone (MCIII), the 13th rib (R13), the tuber coxae (TC), and the cuboid bone (CB). Test samples were taken with a 5-mm diameter dental drill, while larger reference samples were taken with an osteotome. The concentrations of tiludronate were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection. The TC was the easiest site to sample, and no technical difficulties were encountered for extraction and measurement. Drill sampling at the MCIII was difficult. Moreover, both the extraction and measurement caused technical problems and results were unreliable in most cases (93%). Drill samples obtained from the R13 were very small and access to the CB required considerable dissection, which would not be feasible in vivo. Forty-six percent and 36% of the tiludronate measurements performed on the R13 and CB samples, respectively, were unreliable. The ratio of tiludronate concentrations ranged from 73% to 185% (median: 118%) in the TC, 65% to 208% (median: 81%) in the R13, and 26% to 110% (median: 57%) in the CB. In all but 1 horse, the highest concentrations of tiludronate were found in the TC. It was concluded that bone biopsies performed at the TC were adequate for measuring tiludronate in horses and should be considered in future for repeated measurements over time in living animals.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Efficacy test of sustained-release somatotropin by implantation in steer, cow and barrow
2011
Kim, N.J., Hyechon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
Sixteen steers were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of bovine somatotropin (bST) in improving growth and feed:gain ratio during 12 weeks. Administration of the 400 mg bST implant resulted in a 16.1% increase in growth rate, and this increase was significant (p less than .05). The use of the sustained-release implant did not alter (p greater than .05) feed intake and feed:gain ratio. Thirty-four cows were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of bST in milk production during 4 weeks. Administration of the 200 mg bST implant resulted in an 8.7% increase in milk production, and this increase was significant (p less than .05). Twenty-four barrows were used to investigate the efficacy of the sustained-release implant of porcine somatotropin (pST) in improving growth, feed:gain ratio and backfat thickness during 6 weeks. Administration of the 120 mg pST implant resulted in a 11.4% increase in feed:gain ratio and a 60% decrease in backfat thickness, and these results were significant (p less than .05). But the use of the sustained-release implant did not alter (p greater than .05) growth rate and feed intake.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]The virulence of Brucella abortus isolated from cattle in Korea
2011
Lim, J.J., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea | Kim, J.H., Northern Branch, Gyeongbuk Veterinary Service Laboratory, Andong, Republic of Korea | Kim, D.H., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea | Lee, J.J., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea | Kim, D.G., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea | Jun, M.H., Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Kim, S.H., Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Chang, H.H., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea | Lee, H.J., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea | Min, W.G., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea | Kim, S., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
In this study, we isolated 12 of Brucella (B.) spp. from cattle, which have been positive in Rose Bangal test and tube agglutination test in Gyeongbuk province in 2009. According to AMOS PCR analysis, isolated 12 strains were identified as B. abortus. Murine derived macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells, were infected with isolated 12 strains or reference strain (B. abortus 544), and bacterial internalization were characterized. According to these results, we divided the isolated strains into the following three groups: class Ⅰ, lower internalization than that of B. abortus 544; class Ⅱ, similar internalization to that of that of B. abortus 544; class Ⅲ, higher internalization than that of B. abortus 544 within RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, intracellular growth, bacterial adherent assay, LAMP-1 colocalization, virulence in mice and surface protein pattern were characterized. From these results, representative strains of class Ⅲ showed lower LAMP-1 colocalization, higher adherent efficiency, higher virulence in mice than those of B. abortus 544, and showed different pattern of surface proteins. These results suggest that B. abortus field strains, isolated from cattle in Korea, possess various virulence properties and higher internalization ability of field strain may have an important role for its virulence expression.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Protective effects and immunogenicity of Salmonella Enteritidis killed vaccine strains selected from virulent Salmonella Enteritidis isolates
2011
Kang, Z.W., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea | Won, H.K., ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Kim, E.H., ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Noh, Y.H., ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Choi, H.W., ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Hahn, T.W., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) has been a major causative agent of food-borne human disease due to consumption of contaminated eggs and poultry meat. To prevent SE infection in poultry, and therefore minimize human infections, vaccination with either killed or live SE vaccine is suggested. We evaluated a newly developed killed bacterin using a representative SE isolate in Korea. Among pool of SE isolates, two highly virulent isolates (the one isolate from chicken, the other from human) were selected by measuring mortality in mouse and chickens administered. The chickens were injected intramuscularly with killed vaccine and were challenged with highly virulent SE strain 3 week after vaccination. The recovered colony count (cfu/g) of spleen and cecal content in the vaccinated groups was reduced compared with those of the unvaccinated control group. The antibody level in the vaccinated groups was higher at 3 week post vaccination. These results indicate that vaccination with killed vaccine was effective in preventing the infection of virulent SE. Further study for a large number of layers should be needed for the effect of egg production, SE shedding in feces, persistence of antibody level.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Microorganisms from Milk Samples of Jindo Dogs (Canis familiaris var. jindo)
2011
Lee, J.D., Jeollanamdo Livestock Sanitation Office, Gangjin, Republic of Korea | Lee, Y.K., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | O, S.I., Jindo Dog Research and Testing Center, Jindo, Republic of Korea | Jung, J.Y., Jeollanamdo Livestock Sanitation Office, Gangjin, Republic of Korea | Son, C.H., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Shin, S.S., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Oh, K.S., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea | Hur, T.Y., National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Republic of Korea | Suh, G.H., Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
Lack of hygiene and puerperal mastitis are common causes of bacterial diseases in nursing neonates. The aim of this study was to isolate microorganisms from milk samples of healthy female Jindo dogs with suckling puppies and to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility against the isolated bacteria. Milk samples were collected from 120 udders of 12 lactating Jindo dogs that were 2~4 years old without any clinical diseases including mastitis. Bacteria were isolated from 64 milk samples (53.3%), either singly (76.6%) or in combination (23.4%). Staphylococcus (S.) spp. was the most common microorganisms (74.7%) isolated from canine milk, followed by Haemophillus spp. (10.9%), Streptococcus spp. (9.6%), Gardnerella spp. (2.4%) and Moraxella spp. (2.4%). The most frequently isolated organism was S. warneri (31.3%). Antimicrobial susceptibility of these bacteria was tested with 17 antimicrobial agents by Kirbyand Bauer standardized disc diffusion method. Results indicated that bacteria isolated from healthy canine milk were mostly susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalothin and ceftiofur, but were resistant to erythromycin, neomycin and tetracycline.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Changes of colonic endocrine cells in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis
2011
Back, Y.D., Oriental Hospital, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Lee, H.S., Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Chung, I.K., Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Cheon, W.H., Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea | Ku, S.K., Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to examine the changes in the density of colonic endocrine cells - argyrophil and argentaffin cells, chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin, somatostatin and glucagon-containing cells in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis. Ulcerative colitis was induced by the instillation of 10 mg of TNBS into the colonic lumen through the anus. To confirm the inducement of ulcerative colitis, the macroscopic and microscopic scores as well as the colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were monitored for 8 days after TNBS instillation in the colonic lumens. In addition, the number of argyrophil and argentaffin cells, CGA, serotonin, somatostatin and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were counted in the colonic mucosa, respectively. After TNBS instillation into the lumen of the colon from the anus in rats, increases in macroscopic and microscopic scores in the colon tissues were observed along with increases in the colonic MPO activities. Therefore, ulcerative colitis was relatively well induced by the TNBS instillations. Marked decreases in the number of colonic endocrine cells were detected in the TNBS-treated animal compared to the sham control. These results suggest that colonic endocrine cells were also disrupted by TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Resistance of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts following commercial bleach treatment
2011
Surl, C.G., National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Jung, B.D., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea | Park, B.K., Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea | Kim, H.C., Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
We investigate the resistance of Cryptosporidium (C.) parvum oocysts to commercial bleach treatment. The viability and infectivity of C. parvum oocysts suspended in 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.3 or 3.2% aqueous commercial bleach for 10, 30, 60, 120 or 180 min at room temperature were assessed by nucleic acid Syto-9 staining, histologic examination of ileum and infectivity to immunosuppressed neonatal C57BL/6N mice. Although the viability was decreased compared with normal oocysts, all oocysts in contact with serially diluted commercial bleach for 180 min were alive by nucleic acid dye Syto-9 staining. And, microscopic examination of ileum sections revealed developmental stages of C. parvum in all mice. The oocyst shedding patterns between mice infected with oocysts contacted with commercial bleach and normal control mice were not significantly different each other. Although commercial bleach is widely used as a bacterial and viral disinfectant, the present findings indicate that it is not an effective disinfectant for C. parvum oocysts under practical conditions. Authors conclude that, therefore, it is undesirable to recommend commercial bleach as a disinfectant for C. parvum oocysts.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Identification of two cytopathogenic agents, Mycoplasma hyorhinis and mammalian orthoreovirus 3 based on modified particle associated nucleic acids PCR
2011
Kim, H.K., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Moon, H.J., Green Cross Veterinary Products, Yongin, Republic of Korea | Park, S.J., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Rho, S.M., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Han, J.Y., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Nguyen, Van Giap, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Park, B.K., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Swine diseases could be caused by unrecognized or minor pathogens. In this study, two unknown cytopathogenic agents were isolated from swine, through cell culture. In order to identify these two cytopathogenic agent (designated CP129 and No.2045-7), a particle associated nucleic acids PCR (PAN-PCR) from previous paper was used with simple modification. The cloning procedure was more specified in this study by adding cell control system. According to the modified PAN-PCR, two and four agents-specific DNA sequences were obtained from CP129 and No.2045-7, respectively, and they were identified as Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis and Mammalian orthoreovirus by nucleotide BLAST. Since M. hyorhinis (CP129) was filterable and non-visible by microscope, this unusual virus-like nature of M. hyorhinis (CP129) was discussed. Especially, the reovirus (No.2045-7) was a serotype 3 and a triple reassortant among three serotypes of reoviruses. It was grouped with recently reported reoviruses from disease cases (swine, human and feline), based on the genetic analysis of L1 and S1 partial sequences. In conclusion, two unknown cytopathogenic agents were successfully identified using modified PAN-PCR with cell control system and they were characterized in this study.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Development of an attenuated vaccine strain from a korean respiratory type infectious bronchitis virus
2011
Choi, K.S., Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Jeon, W.J., Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Lee, E.K., Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Kye, S.J., Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Park, M.J., Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea | Kwon, J.H., Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Republic of Korea
An attenuated vaccine strain AVR1/08 of Korean respiratory type of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was developed by 89th passages of IBV D85/06 strain in chicken eggs. The AVR1/08 strain had higher virus titer at least 20 times (10∨1.3) than the parent virus D85/06 by egg inoculation method. The AVR1/08 strain had a single point mutation (S to Y) at position 56 of spike protein of IBV compared to parent virus IBV D85/06 strain. The mutation was observed consistently at viruses after 47th passage in chicken eggs. The AVR1/08 strain showed no virulence even after 6 passages in chickens and all chickens inoculated induced anti-IBV antibody 14 days after vaccination. The AVR1/08 strain had broad protective efficacy against QX type Korean nephropathogenic virus (Q43/06 strain), KM91 type Korean nephropathogenic virus (KM91 strain) and Korean respiratory virus (D85/06 strain). In contrast, Massachusetts (Mass) type attenuated vaccine strain H120 showed protection of 37.5 to 50% against these three viruses. Our results indicate that the AVR1/08 strain has potential as an attenuated vaccine effective in controlling IBVs circulating in Korea.
Afficher plus [+] Moins [-]Prevalence of porcine parvovirus in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Jeju Island
2011
Ko, K.N., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Jung, J.Y., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Kang, S.C., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Kim, K.S., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Kim, J.H., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea | Kim, D.Y., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | Hwang, E.K., Sangji University, Wonju, Republic of Korea | Kim, J.H., Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which was first identified in western Canada in 1991 and more recently in the United States, Europe and Asia, is an emerging disease in pigs. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is the primary infectious viral agent causing PMWS, but the full expression of the disease may require the presence of other agents. It is reported that there is apparent synergism between PCV-2 and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in increasing the severity of the clinical signs and lesions of PMWS. From January 2006 to May 2008, a total of the 154 lymph node samples were collected from 4~12 weeks old pigs which had been submitted to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Korea. These pigs were diagnosed as PMWS on the basis of clinical and pathological examination from 48 commercial herds in Jeju Island. Based on the immunohistochemistry, porcine parvovirus was detected in 69 cases (44.8%) from 154 weaned or grower pigs. PPV antigens were detected in the cytoplasm of histiocytic cells multifocally infiltrated in the cortex and paracortex of lymph nodes. The results of this study clarify that PPV is prevalent in pigs with PMWS on Jeju Island. Therefore PPV is one of the most important co-agents in the development of naturally acquired PMWS. This study may be helpful to the control of this disease and to epidemiological aspects.
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