Fusarium culmorum is predominating causal agent of head blight (HB) and root rot (RR) in cereals worldwide. Since F. culmorum has a great level of genetic diversity and the parasexual stage is assumed for this phytopathogen, characterization of isolates from different regions is significant step in food safety and controlling the HB. In this study, it was aimed to characterize totally 37 F. culmorum isolates from Turkey via sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker based genotyping. MAT-1/MAT-2 type assay was also used in order to reveal intraspecific variation in F. culmorum. MAT-1 and MAT-2 specific primer pairs for mating assays resulted in 210 and 260 bp bands, respectively. 11 of isolates were belonged to MAT-1 type whereas 19 samples were of MAT-2. Remaining 7 samples yielded both amplicons. Totally 9 SRAP primer sets yielded amplicons from all isolates. Genetic similarity values were ranged from 39 to 94.7%. Total band number was 127 and PCR product sizes were in the range of 0.1-2.5 kb. Amplicon numbers for individuals were ranged from 1 to 16. According to data obtained from current study, SRAP based genotyping is powerful tool for supporting the data obtained from investigations including phenotypic and agro-ecological characteristics. Findings showed that SRAP-based markers could be useful in F. culmorum characterization.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kapıaçmaz Göleti zooplankton faunasının tespiti ve mevsimsel değişiminin belirlenmesidir. Zooplankton örnekleri Temmuz 2017 - Haziran 2018 tarihleri arasında mevsimsel olarak, belirlenen 2 istasyondan 55 μm göz açıklığında plankton kepçesi kullanılarak, yatay çekimlerle toplanmıştır. Zooplanktonda Rotifera grubundan 17 Cladocera grubundan 4 ve Copepoda grubundan 3 tür olmak üzere toplam 24 tür tespit edilmiştir. Zooplankton gruplarının toplam birey sayılarına göre Rotifera en baskın (%72,42) grup olup, bunu Cladocera (%33,70) ve Copepoda (%17,32) izlemiştir.

Bu çalışmada, Elazığ-Bingöl il sınırında, Peri çayı üzerinde bulunan Özlüce Baraj Gölü’nden elde edilen karabalık, Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843)’da otolit biyometrisi total boy ilişkisi araştırıldı. Bu amaçla, Eylül 2017–Aralık 2017 tarihleri arasında toplam 115 örnek (60 erkek ve 55 dişi) incelendi. Balık örneklerinin Total boyları (TB) ölçüldükten sonra eşey tespiti yapıldı. Her bir balığın sağ ve sol otolitleri çıkarıldı ve ölçüme hazır hale getirildi. Otolit ağırlıkları (OA) 0,0001g hassasiyette tartıldı. Otolit uzunluğu (OU) ve otolit genişliği (OG) bilgisayar destekli görüntü analiz programı kullanılarak ölçüldü. Sağ ve sol otolitler ile erkek ve dişi otolitlere ait OU, OG ve OA değerleri arasındaki farklar istatistiki olarak önemsiz bulundu. Tüm populasyonda TB: 118-381 mm, OU: 1,536-3,734 mm, OG: 1,049-2,585 mm ve OA: 1,10-13,90 mg arasında tespit edildi. TB ile OU, OG ve OA arasındaki pozitif yönde kuvvetli bir ilişki olduğu görüldü.

Agricultural technologies are seen as an important route out of poverty in most of the developing countries. However, the rates of adoption of these technologies have remained low in most of these countries. This study aim at shedding some light on an evaluation of climate mitigation agricultural adoption technologies, and its contribution to rural livelihood outcomes in Gurawa district using cross sectional data collected from randomly selected 180 sample households during the 2016 crop production season. Multivariate probit and Propensity score matching was used to identify impacts of adoption technologies, and to identify factors affecting smallholder farmers’ multiple technology adoption decisions. The results showed that the probability of adoption of agricultural technologies are influenced by several factors: family size, economical active members, education level, age of the household head, social status, soil fertility status, distance from extension office, land holding, distance to markets and distance to weather road. The impact evaluation results indicated that on average, the participation household in soil conservation has increased food security status and asset accumulation nearly by 38% and 15%, respectively, however it decreases the rate of poverty nearly by 51 percent. Use of improved seeds increased food security status and decreased poverty rate nearly by 38% and 44%, respectively. On the other hand, use of irrigation technology increased food security status and asset accumulation nearly by 23% and 31.8%, respectively, whereas it decreases the rate of poverty nearly by 29 percent. Similarly, adoption of row planting methods increased food security status and asset accumulation nearly by 28.7% and 15.5%, respectively, whereas it decreases the rate of poverty nearly by 51.5 percent. Therefore, policy makers should give due emphasis to the aforementioned variables to increase adoption technologies and improve the livelihood of the rural households.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yurt dışından elde edilmiş olan 53 ıspanak (Spinacia oleracea L.) aksesyonunun flow sitometri ile ploidi düzeylerini belirlemektir. Araştırma verilerine göre; ıspanak aksesyonlarının çekirdek DNA içerikleri arasındaki farklılıkların istatistiki olarak önemli olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ıspanak aksesyonlarının ortalama çekirdek DNA içeriği 2,225 pg/2C (Esfenaj çeşidi) ile 2,059 pg/2C (Matador ve Godir çeşitleri) arasında değişmiştir. Kök ucu meristem dokuları kullanılarak yapılan kromozom sayımlarında analiz edilen tüm bitkilerin 2n=12 kromozoma sahip oldukları ve dolayısıyla diploid oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle çalışmada kullanılan aksesyonların tamamının diploid olduğu kabul edilmiştir. 2C DNA içeriklerine göre yapılan kümeleme analizi sonuçlarına göre iki ana küme altında sekiz farklı kümenin oluştuğu görülmüştür. Aksesyonların kümelenmesi çoklu karşılaştırma testinde de benzer sonucu vermiştir. Ispanak aksesyonlarında ploidi seviyelerini belirlemeye yönelik olarak yapılan bu çalışma sonucunda çalışmaya konu olan 53 ıspanak aksesyonu ile ileride yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında araştırmacılara önemli bir zaman, enerji ve emek tasarrufu sağlayacaktır.

In this study, the level of knowledge of the sea turtles that encounter fishing gears from time to time and the attitudes of fishermen on the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea to these living beings were investigated. Data were collected from a total of 404 fishermen in 98 fisheries cooperatives in 5 provinces (Çanakkale, Balıkesir, İzmir, Aydın and Muğla) by face-to-face survey between August 2016 and October 2017. It was ascertained that the 91% of fishermen, who participated in the survey, do not know what kinds of sea turtles are distributed in the Aegean Sea. The 95% of fishermen do not also know the role of these living beings that show wide range of distribution on world’s oceans and seas, in the ecosystem. Moreover, it is revealed that the fishermen do not have enough knowledge about to perform an intervention in an injured turtle. After getting information from the informative brochures and awareness presentations about sea turtles, fishermen became familiar with the nature of sea turtles, they have changed their attitudes, approach and perspectives to them although they firstly behaved timid to participate in the studies on sea turtles. It is useful to make more social responsibility projects and collaborations with fishermen in areas where these living beings are intense in order to ensure the sustainability of sea turtles on the coast of Aegean Sea.

Bu çalışmada, biberiye ve kekik yağı ekstraktları kullanılarak elde edilen alabalık (Oncorhynchus mykiss) marinatlarının depolanması sırasında meydana gelen kimyasal değişimler araştırılmış ve kullanılan bitkisel yağ ekstraktlarının ürünün yağ asidi kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Fileto haline getirilmiş balıklar üç farklı formülasyon kullanılarak (M grubu: %4 asetik asit-%10 NaCl, B grubu: %4 asetik asit-%10 NaCl-%0,1 biberiye yağı ekstraktı, K grubu: %4 asetik asit-%10 NaCl- %0,1 kekik yağı ekstraktı) marine edilmiş, olgunlaşma aşamasından sonra vakum paketlenerek +4°C’ deki buzdolabı koşullarında depolanmışlardır. Numunelerin 0. gün, 1., 2., 3., 4. ve 5. ayın sonunda kimyasal analizleri (pH, TBA, Peroksit Sayısı, TVB-N, Serbest yağ asitleri, yağ asitleri kompozisyonu) yapılmıştır. Deneysel örnekler TVB-N açısından değerlendirildiğinde depolamanın 3. ayında K grubu örneklerinde 14,12 mg/100 g, B grubu örneklerinde 19,2 mg/100 g ve M grubu örneklerinde ise 28,9 mg/100 g olarak tespit edilmiştir. M grubu örnekleri TBA sayısı bakımından değerlendirildiğinde muhafazanın 3. ayında 5,84 mg MDA/ kg olup, diğer gruplar ile istatistiki fark önemli bulunmuştur. Kontrol grubu (M grubu) örneklerinin 4 ve 5. aylarda duyusal olarak bozulduğu için analizleri yapılamamıştır. Kontrol grubu ve K grubu örneklerinde marinasyon işlemi sonrasında, muhafaza periyodu boyunca EPA ve DHA değerlerinde düşüş şekillenmiş olup, istatistikî açıdan fark önemli bulunmuştur. Biberiye ilave edilen gruba ait örneklerin yağ asidi değerleri incelendiğinde, kaproik, miristik ve palmitik asit miktarları marinasyon işleminden sonra artmıştır ve fark istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmuştur.

This research was conducted during 2016-2017 awheat growing season to investigate the effects of different rates of seed coating of an organic acid mixture (citric acid, glutamate, and proline) on yield and quality of wheat. The field experiments were established in Dogankent and Haciali locations of Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute in Turkey. Study was carried out with randomised complete block design with 4 replications and Ceyhan-99 bread wheat variety was used as seed material. Before seeding, wheat seeds were coated with organic acid mixture product (0.75% citric acid, 0.25% glutamate, 0.25% proline, 2% Zn and 96.75 water), in three different doses (500 ml ton-1, 1 l ton-1, 1.5 l ton-1) to compare with control (uncoated). There were statistically significant differences at 5% level in 1000 grain weight and grain yield values in Dogankent location and 1000 grain weight, grain yield and number of spikes in Hacialilocation. Highest yield values were obtained from 500 ml t-1 application dose for both locations. With 500 ml t-1 application dose at Dogankent location, grain yield was 11.9 t ha-1 which was 8.97% higher over control. In Hacali location, 500 ml t-1 application dose was increased yield by 15.96% compared to control which resulted with 10.5 t ha-1 grain yield. No statistically significant difference was observed in quality characteristics (protein, gluten, hardiness and sedimentation) in trials.

The chemicals used for weed control cause pollution at both ground and surface waters, and lead to accumulation of pesticide residues in vegetables, fruits and field crops. For this reason, avoiding of use of chemicals and instead applying natural production methods (organic farming) emerged as a people desire. In recent times, the environmental consciousness has increased rapidly all over the world and potential dangers related to use of chemicals led scientists and people to worry. There have been extensive studies on different methods and machines, which can be used for weed control, as they do not leave any residues at soil and water sources. In this study, some new weed control methods were included that can be applied in organic farming.

In every year, Subclinical mastitis (SCM) frequently occurs and results huge economic losses in livestock industry of Bangladesh. This study was redacted to estimate the present status of SCM in cow in selective area of Barisal district. For determining sub-clinical mastitis, a total of 152 milk samples of clinically suspected cows were subjected to White Side Test (WST) and Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). Specifically, the milk samples of each individual cows which were positive to both WST and SFMT considered as SCM indicating 35.52% prevalence. Other than the local breed cows, the cross bred cows showed significantly higher prevalence, is 47.06%. In consideration to age variation, highest prevalence was observed at 5 to 7 years of age in both types where cross breed was 54.71% and 36.67% for local breed cows. Though highest prevalence was recorded as 34.78% in 2nd parity of local breed cows but the cross breed cows showed highest prevalence 54.55% in their 3rd parity. Afterward, non-pregnant cows showed the insignificantly higher prevalence (41.06%) than pregnant cows were 26.32%. Additionally, this study reported that the cross breed cows yielding more than 10 liters of milk (prevalence was 61.54%) were more prone to SCM than the others and also >5 to 10 liters milk producing local breed cows (prevalence was 31.03%) were more susceptible to SCM than others. In a short, this study revealed that high milk yielding cross breed cows are more likely to SCM after their 3rd calving.