We, here, aimed to determine the presence of Anguillicola crassus, a swim bladder parasite, in 89 (male: 45, female: 44) dead European eel specimens obtained seasonally between 2020-2021 from a regional fisherman, who has fished with fyke net in the locality Tuzla of Izmir Bay, Eastern Aegean Sea. Out of 21 male European eels caught in winter, only one specimen (TL: 48.5 cm and TW: 247.12 g) had 23 swim bladder parasites (adult nematodes: 15, larvae: 8) and similarly, only one parasite was found in one specimen (TL: 37.5 cm and TW: 88.47 g) of 8 eels caught in spring. No parasite was found in the female eels. At the examinations, it was determined that all adult Anguillicola crassus specimens were females and the minimum-maximum and average length values in adult and larval parasites were, respectively, 1.5-2.5 cm (1.99 ± 0.31) and 0.7-1.3 cm (1.025 ± 2.40). Consequently, the species A. crassus, a swim bladder parasite, was found in European eels from the locality Çamalti Tuzla in two seasons (winter and spring) and this parasitic nematode were only in male eels. This study is a first and remarkable one having evidential value, which shows the presence of the species A. crassus among the eel population in the locality Çamalti Tuzla of Izmir Bay. Besides, it is a population that should be monitored due to the status of Anguilla anguilla on the IUCN red list.

The rapid increase in the world population increases the need for plant and animal food. Agriculture and animal husbandry practices are becoming more common day by day to meet the need for food and to obtain more products. This situation increases the amount of waste per unit of animal products. Increased animal excrement is associated with greenhouse gas emissions, harms the environment and animal health. One of these greenhouse gases, methane, increases animal production and poses a significant threat to global warming. Feeding research, which optimizes rumens and animal productivity to reduce ruminant methane emissions, is one of the hottest topics today. The purpose of this study is to evaluate feed distribution in terms of chemical composition, methane production, net energy, and organic matter digestibility by collecting forage and concentrates from various ranches in Niğde. Therefore, to increase the productivity of livestock on small farms in Turkey, the ratio of feed ingredients was determined on a farm basis, and there were some comments on the lower and upper limits of the fattening rate. Gas and methane production of TMR samples was determined using in vitro gas production technology. Nutrient contents obtained from different livestock farms CP (9.58-14.72), CF (1.89- 2.30), CA (7.64-13.92), ADF (19.77-27.82) NDF (36.71-45.69) DM (90.48-91.79) content, methane (CH₄), OMS, NEL and ME values were also different (P

In this study, we aimed to determine the therapeutic value of local Yığılca honeys by examining their physicochemical characteristics, phenolic content, radical scavenging activity, and antimicrobial properties by underlining some overlooked parameters. Honey samples ware divided into two main groups as CH and FH based on melissopalynologycal analysis. Antimicrobial activity of collected honey samples were investigated on important hospital-acquired infections bacteria strains; MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), MSSA (Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus), Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Although CH’s antimicrobial activities were found slightly higher than the FH’s, there isn’t statistically significant differences between two type honeys. However, the antioxidant activity of CH was found significantly higher than FH. Surprisingly, a higher amount of isomaltose was determined in addition to the total phenolic content in CH compared to FH. There has been found positive correlation between isomaltose amount and zone diameters for MRSA and A. baumannii. We would like to draw attention to isomaltose for its health benefit structure since these parameters may be influence honey’s therapeutic value. We recommend that isomaltose and invertase enzyme should be included in to the honey codex standards suitably depending on the monofloral and multifloral honey’s specific structure, to sensitively standardize and control their quality and therapeutic value. Our data revealed a positive correlation between antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and total phenolic content and higher isomaltose amount.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit that grows in most tropical and subtropical regions. It has 52% aril, consisting of 78% juice which is used as; juice, molasses, jam, wine, and dried kernels. Potential health benefits increase the demand for the fruit as well as its products. Pomegranate seeds, which consist of approximately 10% of the whole fruit, are a by-product of the juice and juice using products containing nutraceutical functional components such as sterols and punicic acid. Pomegranate seed oil is considered a healthy alternative source of oils, and its production is a valorization process since it is the by-product that usually goes to waste. In the present study, pomegranate seeds were used for oil extraction using the cold solvent extraction method. Oil samples were then taken to the Schaal oven treatment in order to determine changes due to storage. Oil samples were tested for 14 days of total storage at their 1st,3rd, 7th, and 14th days for the oxidation tests, colour, fatty acid composition, and Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. Data were tested for significance by using statistical analysis. The results indicated that oxidative stability of pomegranate seed oil was decreased by increasing storage time. The studied techniques used in this paper can be valuable processors to monitor the oxidative stability of oils with storage time and evaluate their acceptance on the market.

Bread wheat landraces are considered among important gene sources for quality breeding programs. This study aims to compare thousand kernel weight crude protein ratio, dry gluten ratio, grain hardness and zeleny sedimentation results of 20 bread wheat lines selected from landraces to 5 registered cultivars in order to determine future candidates for quality breeding programs. Field experiments were conducted in the consequent 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 growing seasons in Çanakkale (Türkiye), according to randomized complete block design with three replications. ANOVA results indicated significant difference among genotypes, means were compared with Duncan’s test. Additionally, genotype × growing season interaction were significant for all parameters. Results of cluster and PCA Biplot analysis revealed a significant and positive relationship between crude protein ratio and dry gluten ratio while allowing for the selection of superior landrace pure lines. Our findings suggested that bread wheat varieties had higher TKW compared to landrace pure lines when pure lines had higher crude protein ratio, dry gluten ratio, sedimentation value with generally softer grains. Bread wheat landraces were concluded as being important variation sources.

Chestnut is an economically important tree because of wood and nut production, which is usually found in warm-temperate species, especially Mediterranean region. The fruit of chestnut is a good antioxidant source besides being rich in vitamin C. Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) is a natural chestnut species in Türkiye. This study aimed to determine the most appropriate grafting time and grafting method for two chestnut cultivars (Marigoule and Erfelek) collected from the Western Black Sea region. Two different varieties (Marigoule and Erfelek) and three different grafting methods (chip budding, tongue, and cleft) were applied in different environments (in the hoop house and open field) for six months (December, January, February, March, April, and July). Analysis of variance was used for the grafting trials which was established and applied in the factorial trial design. Results showed that grafting success in the hoop house was twice as high in the open field, and the tongue was the most successful grafting method in all months except July. However, chip budding was observed as the most successful method in July. The highest grafting success was achieved in February, followed by July. According to the obtained results, Marigoule (C. crenata x C. sativa) cultivars were more successful than Erfelek cultivars. Marigoule cultivar’s success rate was 86% for the tongue method in February at hoop house. In July, 83% grafting success was achieved.

Honey bees are a very important species in terms of economy, agriculture, and environment. In recent years, there has been a significant reduction in honey bee colonies in some parts of the world. Honeybee losses are not an unusual event, but there has been a significant reduction in honey bee colonies in many countries around the world. Due to the different social behaviors of honey bees, it is difficult to identify the main factors causing colony losses. According to the latest research, colony losses are mainly caused by parasites, diseases, bee keeping practices, and bee management including reproduction, changes in climatic conditions, agricultural practices and pesticide use, pesticides, nutrition, and beekeeping practices. In this review, the structure of prebiotic, probiotic, climate change, and vitollegen, which causes colony losses, is emphasized, and the potential solutions of these factors that will shed light on colony losses in honey bees from a different point of view are emphasized. In addition, bibliometric analysis was performed using the SCOPUS database to emphasize the importance of probiotic microorganisms and vitellogen.

In this study, it was aimed to reveal the effect of temperature and humidity values provided by the semi-open and closed barns in the winter season on milk yield and components and the somatic cell count (SCC) level in milk in Anatolian buffaloes, and for this purpose, to compare both barn types and to reveal their suitability for buffalo breeding. In the study, temperature and humidity values were determined between December 2020 and March 2021 in two types of barns with similar feeding conditions in Bafra district, Samsun, and milk samples taken from buffaloes raised in these barns were analyzed. Temperature Humidity Index (THI) values were determined as 61,09±0,211 and 51.08±0.173 for the closed and semi-open barn type, respectively. In the study, in which the type of barn and therefore the temperature and humidity values provided in the barn environment did not affect the amount of milk yield, the milk fat ratio was determined as 8.89±0.227% and 8.16±0.176% for closed and semi-open barns, respectively. While other milk components were not affected by the barn conditions, the logSCC of milk was lower (4.54±0.071) in the closed barns when compared to the semi-open barns (4.73±0.044). Although no statistical difference was determined in the other milk parameters discussed, it was noted that there is an increasing tendency in the closed barns. It was observed that the changes in temperature and humidity values in both barn environments during the period caused nonlinear changes in milk composition. While indoor conditions were more effective on solids-non-fat (SNF), protein and lactose in the closed barn, the highest effect was on the fat ratio and logSCC in the semi-open barns. As a result, it can be said that both types of barns can be used in buffalo breeding since there is no significant difference in milk yield and other components, although there is a slight difference in milk fat ratio and logSCC level in closed and semi-open barns of Anatolian buffaloes in the climatic conditions of the region where the study was conducted.

This study was required to assess the existing tef market outlets and examine factors affecting market outlet choices among smallholder tef producers in western Ethiopia. For this study qualitative and quantitative data were collected from tef producers. Purposive and multi-stage sampling technique was used to determine sample households. The descriptive statistics and multivariate probit model were employed to analyze the collected data. The result shows that there are five alternative main market outlets available for the tef producers that are wholesalers, collectors, cooperatives, consumers, and retailers. These market outlets were affected by household’s demographic such as age, gender, education level, and household size), socio-economics (land allocated for tef, a variety used, livestock holding, and off/non-farm activities), institutional (credit, extension, and market information), and market (volume of tef produced, own transport facility, and nearest market) factors. Based on the findings strengthening farmers’ skills and knowledge through training, advising, and supervision; capacitate farmers by the additional work atmosphere and empowering women farmers by improved variety, working capital, and other recommendations are need attention by respective sectors.