The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most harmful species to world horticulture, thus requiring suppression or eradication programs. The sterile insect technique is widely used for autocidal control of nuisance insects because it neither releases exotic agents into the environment nor introduces new genetic material into existing populations. In 2005, the Moscamed Brasil biofactory imported the tsl Vienna 8 C. capitata strain from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); this action required genetic testing of the strain’s biological characteristics. The objective of this study was to discriminate males of wild populations from tsl Vienna 8 using molecular markers, and to conclude which male line dominated in a remating condition. Four crosses, each using 100 males and 100 females, were performed: wild female × wild male; wild female × tsl Vienna 8 male; wild female × wild male, followed by remating with tsl Vienna 8 males after 48 h, and wild female × tsl Vienna 8 male, followed by remating with wild males after 48 h. The results showed that the tsl Vienna 8 strain is compatible with wild females from the São Francisco Valley region and that these males can successfully transfer their sperm to the female spermathecae. Regarding remating, the sperm of the second male dominated over that of the first one. Based on these findings, the sterile insect technique success may be reduced, since the progeny of a female that remates with a wild male could be viable. | A mosca-das-frutas do Mediterrâneo, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), é uma das espécies mais prejudiciais à horticultura mundial, portanto requer programas de supressão ou erradicação. A técnica do inseto estéril é amplamente utilizada para o controle autocida de insetos nocivos, pois não libera agentes exóticos no meio ambiente nem introduz novos materiais genéticos nas populações existentes. Em 2005, a biofábrica Moscamed Brasil importou a cepa Vienna 8 C. capitata da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (IAEA); essa ação exigiu testes genéticos das características biológicas da linhagem. O objetivo deste estudo foi discriminar machos de populações silvestres de tsl Viena 8 usando marcadores moleculares, e inferir sobre qual linhagem masculina era dominante em condição de recópula. Quatro cruzamentos, cada um com 100 machos e 100 fêmeas, foram realizados: fêmea selvagem × macho selvagem; fêmea selvagem × macho tsl Viena 8; fêmea selvagem × macho selvagem, seguido por recópula com machos tsl Vienna 8 após 48 h, e fêmea selvagem × machos tsl Vienna 8, seguido por recópula com machos selvagens após 48 h. Os resultados mostraram que a cepa tsl Vienna 8 é compatível com fêmeas selvagens da região do Vale do São Francisco e que esses machos podem transferir com sucesso seus espermatozóides para a espermateca das fêmeas. Quanto à recópula, o esperma do segundo macho precedeu o primeiro. Com base nesses achados, o sucesso da técnica de insetos estéril pode ser reduzido, já que a progênie de uma fêmea que recopulou com um macho selvagem pode ser viável.

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most harmful species to world horticulture, thus requiring suppression or eradication programs. The sterile insect technique is widely used for autocidal control of nuisance insects because it neither releases exotic agents into the environment nor introduces new genetic material into existing populations. In 2005, the Moscamed Brasil biofactory imported the tsl Vienna 8 C. capitata strain from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); this action required genetic testing of the strain?s biological characteristics. The objective of this study was to discriminate males of wild populations from tsl Vienna 8 using molecular markers, and to conclude which male line dominated in a remating condition. Four crosses, each using 100 males and 100 females, were performed: wild female × wild male; wild female × tsl Vienna 8 male; wild female × wild male, followed by remating with tsl Vienna 8 males after 48 h, and wild female × tsl Vienna 8 male, followed by remating with wild males after 48 h. The results showed that the tsl Vienna 8 strain is compatible with wild females from the São Francisco Valley region and that these males can successfully transfer their sperm to the female spermathecae. Regarding remating, the sperm of the second male dominated over that of the first one. Based on these findings, the sterile insect technique success may be reduced, since the progeny of a female that remates with a wild male could be viable.

Cowpea is a socioeconomically important legume in the Northeast region of Brazil, and the most grown and consumed type of bean, representing the main source of low-cost vegetable protein for rural and urban populations in this region. The objective of this work was to characterize the proximate composition, minerals, tannins, phytic acid, and cooking quality of whole grains of cowpea from the commercial cultivars BRS Aracê, BRS Inhuma, and BRS Xiquexique. Grain samples of the cultivars were ground in a zirconium ball mill and the flour was used for analysis. The proximate composition was carried out according to the AOAC methodology. The minerals were determined by nitro-perchloric digestion and reading in a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The anti-nutritional factors tannins and phytic acid were determined by extraction and reading in a spectrophotometer. Cooking quality was assessed using an electric pressure cooker and then a Mattson cooker. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with three treatments (cultivars) and three replications. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey's test (p<0.05). The cowpea cultivars showed significant differences (p<0.05) for most characteristics evaluated and were similar in terms of ash, lipids, total dietary fiber, and most macrominerals. The results showed that grains of the cultivars BRS Aracê and BRS Xiquexique are excellent sources of dietary fiber, proteins, and minerals and present high cooking quality, while grains of the cultivar BRS Inhuma stood out regarding carbohydrates, soluble dietary fibers, total energetic value, and low levels of factors, anti-nutritional tannins and phytic acid.

Cowpea is a socioeconomically important legume in the Northeast region of Brazil, and the most grown and consumed type of bean, representing the main source of low-cost vegetable protein for rural and urban populations in this region. The objective of this work was to characterize the proximate composition, minerals, tannins, phytic acid, and cooking quality of whole grains of cowpea from the commercial cultivars BRS Aracê, BRS Inhuma, and BRS Xiquexique.

Cowpea is a socioeconomically important legume in the Northeast region of Brazil, and the most grown and consumed type of bean, representing the main source of low-cost vegetable protein for rural and urban populations in this region. The objective of this work was to characterize the proximate composition, minerals, tannins, phytic acid, and cooking quality of whole grains of cowpea from the commercial cultivars BRS Aracê, BRS Inhuma, and BRS Xiquexique. Grain samples of the cultivars were ground in a zirconium ball mill and the flour was used for analysis. The proximate composition was carried out according to the AOAC methodology. The minerals were determined by nitro-perchloric digestion and reading in a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The anti-nutritional factors tannins and phytic acid were determined by extraction and reading in a spectrophotometer. Cooking quality was assessed using an electric pressure cooker and then a Mattson cooker. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with three treatments (cultivars) and three replications. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey's test (p<0.05). The cowpea cultivars showed significant differences (p<0.05) for most characteristics evaluated and were similar in terms of ash, lipids, total dietary fiber, and most macrominerals. The results showed that grains of the cultivars BRS Aracê and BRS Xiquexique are excellent sources of dietary fiber, proteins, and minerals and present high cooking quality, while grains of the cultivar BRS Inhuma stood out regarding carbohydrates, soluble dietary fibers, total energetic value, and low levels of factors, anti-nutritional tannins and phytic acid.

Cowpea is a socioeconomically important legume in the Northeast region of Brazil, and the most grown and consumed type of bean, representing the main source of low-cost vegetable protein for rural and urban populations in this region. The objective of this work was to characterize the proximate composition, minerals, tannins, phytic acid, and cooking quality of whole grains of cowpea from the commercial cultivars BRS Aracê, BRS Inhuma, and BRS Xiquexique. Grain samples of the cultivars were ground in a zirconium ball mill and the flour was used for analysis. The proximate composition was carried out according to the AOAC methodology. The minerals were determined by nitro-perchloric digestion and reading in a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The anti-nutritional factors tannins and phytic acid were determined by extraction and reading in a spectrophotometer. Cooking quality was assessed using an electric pressure cooker and then a Mattson cooker. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with three treatments (cultivars) and three replications. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey's test (p&lt;0.05). The cowpea cultivars showed significant differences (p&lt;0.05) for most characteristics evaluated and were similar in terms of ash, lipids, total dietary fiber, and most macrominerals. The results showed that grains of the cultivars BRS Aracê and BRS Xiquexique are excellent sources of dietary fiber, proteins, and minerals and present high cooking quality, while grains of the cultivar BRS Inhuma stood out regarding carbohydrates, soluble dietary fibers, total energetic value, and low levels of factors, anti-nutritional tannins and phytic acid. | O feijão-caupi é uma leguminosa de grande importância socioeconômica na região Nordeste do Brasil, sendo o tipo de feijão mais cultivado e consumido, representando a principal fonte de proteína vegetal de baixo custo das populações rural e urbana dessa região. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a composição centesimal, minerais, taninos, ácido fítico e a qualidade de cozimento dos grãos integrais das cultivares de feijão-caupi BRS Aracê, BRS Inhuma e BRS Xiquexique. A composição centesimal foi determinada de acordo com a metodologia AOAC. Os minerais foram determinados por digestão nitro-perclórica e leitura em espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica de chama. Os fatores antinutricionais taninos e ácido fítico foram determinados por extração e leitura em espectrofotômetro. A qualidade do cozimento foi avaliada usando uma panela de pressão elétrica e, em seguida, o cozedor de Matsson. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com três tratamentos (cultivares) e três repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p&lt;0,05). As cultivares apresentaram diferenças significativas (p&lt;0,05) para a maioria das características avaliadas e similares para os teores de cinzas, lipídeos, fibra alimentar total e a maioria dos macrominerais. As cultivares BRS Aracê e BRS Xiquexique representam excelentes fontes de fibras dietéticas, proteínas e minerais, além de alta qualidade de cozimento, enquanto a cultivar BRS Inhuma destacou-se em carboidratos, fibras alimentares solúveis, valor energético total e baixos teores dos fatores antinutricionais analisados.