Golden apple snails, Pomacea spp: new pests of rice and azolla in Southeast Asia
1987
Guevarra, H.T. | Mochida, O. | Litsinger, J.A. (International Rice Research Inst., Los Banos, Laguna (Philippines))
The golden apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck), originated from South America, were introduced as a promising export industry in Southeast Asia. The snails escaped to rice fields in Taiwan in 1982 and in 1985 to Japan and the Philippines. P. cuprina (Reeve) and P. gigas (Spix) have also been introduced into the Philippines. Azolla and young rice seedlings are preferred hosts. Rice becomes progressively less favorable as it matures. Hand removal and draining rice fields are control measures. Carp prey on young snails and can be released into irrigation systems. Triphenyltin-acetate (Brestan) applied in paddy water is very effective but is highly toxic to Nile tilapia (Sarotherodon niloticus). Clonitralid (Bayluscid) ranked second in effectivity but also fish toxicity; metaldehyde (Namekil) was effective with low fish toxicity.
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