Human and social constraints to the implementation of IPM [integrated pest management] programmes [Philippines]
1992
Escalada, M.M. | Heong, K.L. (Visayas State Coll. of Agriculture, Baybay, Leyte (Philippines). Dept. of Development Communication)
To improve IPM [Integrated Pest Management] implementation, an assessment of human and social constraints which slow down the implementation of IPM programmes is needed. Human constraints are related to farmers' perceptions of pests, the influence of socio-economic factors and impact of the communication media. These include farmers' knowledge gaps, their overestimation of highly visible damages, ease of use of pesticides, extension reach, association of pesticides with medicine, risk aversion, and complexity of IPM. Social constraints, which arise from the interactions among the actors in the agricultural systems such as the farmers, extension technicians and pesticide sales agents, involve substituting field training with extension media, association of high input use with modernism, promotion of pesticides, and role of women in IPM implementation programmes. Analysis of these constraints suggest that a mix of structural changes and educational interventions are needed to deal with these impediments.
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