Some aspects of wing and venational features as a factor of phylogenesis in the Coccoidea
1994
Quayyoom, M.A. | Akbar, S. | Pervez, A. (University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (Pakistan). Dept. of Agricultural Entomology)
The male Coccoidea are relatively conservative in demonstrating the sternorrhyncus morphology, these are, therefore, extensively being employed in delineating coccoid relation. The Archecoccoidae are reported to include the families Ortheziidae, Margaroididae, Phenacoleachiidae, Monophlebidae and Putoidae, respectively. The subfamilies Phenacoleachiinae, Pityococcinae and Steingelliinae are included under the family level taxon Phenacoleachiidae. These are represented by relatively more fully developed wing blades and the venal complex. In the Neococcoidae comprising of the taxa Pseudococcidae, Stictococcidae, Aclerdidae, coccidae, Dactylopiidae Cryptococcidae, Kermisidae, Eriococcidae, Tachardiidae, Cerococcidae, Beesonidae, Asterolecaniidae, Chonchaspididae, Halimococcidae, Phoenicoccoidae and the Phoenicoccidae, Diaspididae, the wing blade gets relatively attentuated; there is an independent but progressive petiolation of the wing base obliteration of the costal complex (C + Cs), and retention of the R + M fork only, with a basal common stem, which represents culmination of this progressive retrogression in the pattern as manifest in the Diaspididae. This dispersion oriented morphology of the male wings corresponds with three stages of the relative sedentation in the adult female Coccoidea.
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