Pesticidal activity of cashew nut shell liquid against the economical insects and pathogens in Thailand

Cashew nut shell liquid showed highly significant nortality to brown planthopper, green leafhopper, whitebacked planthopper and zigazg leafhopper at 10 percent concentration of crude cashew nut shell liquid. Fruit tree insect pests, the Oriental Fruit Fly were also highly significant mortality at the same concentration of cashew nut shell liquid but are low significant mortality to vegatable insect pest, diamond back moth. It whowed phytotoxic in Chinese Kale in spite of the diamond back moth could be survived at the same concentration. Toxicity of 0.5 percent crude cashew nut shell oil showed growth inhibited to 10 from 12 pathogens. It gave the cashew nut shell oil showed growth inhibited of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides caused anthracnose of mango with 57.24 percent. Only two from twelve pathogens tested were not inhibited by cashew nut shell liquid, they were Botryodiplodia sp. and Dothiorella sp. caused fruit rot of magoes. Chemical basis of pesticidal activity study made from crude cashew nut shell oil. Nine fractions were obtained and tested with insect: brown planthopper and anthracnose pathogen again. The result demonstrated that fraction 1, 2 and 3 (F1, F2 and F3) showed highly significant inhibition growth of Collectiotrichum gloeosporioides caused anthracnose of mango. The active fractions were purification and identification by HPLC, 1H13 c NMR and GC-MS. The structure of the active compounds fraction F1, F2 and F3 of cashew nut shell oil were 3 groups of phenolic compound: Anacardic acid, Cardanol and Cardol. Each groups have components of saturated, monoene diene and triene. The active fractions with inhibited mang anthracnose plant pathogen were F1 to F8 except F9. The structure of compound in active fractions were classified as phonolic compound: Cardamol, 2-methyl cardol, Anacardic acid and Cardol. Each group consists of 4 components of saturated, monoene diene and triene. These compounds might be pontential utilization in the future.