An Important Role of Nrf2-ARE Pathway in the Cellular Defense Mechanism
Lee, J.M.;Johnson, Jeffrey A.(University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA)E-mail:jajohnson@pharmacy.wisc.edu
The antioxidant responsive element (ARE) is a cis-acting regulatory element of genes encoding phase Ⅱ detoxification enzymes and antioxidant proteins, such as NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione S-transferases, and glutamate-cysteine ligase. Interestingly, it has been reported that Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) regulates a wide array of ARE-driven genes in various cell types. Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor, which was originally identified as a binding protein of locus control region of β-globin gene. The DNA binding sequence of Nrf2 and ARE sequence are very similar, and many studies demonstrated that Nrf2 binds to the ARE sites leading to up-regulation of downstream genes.
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