Establishment and application of breeding technology system on millet target character gene bank

Китайский. 谷子目标性状基因库育种法是河北省农林科学院谷子所为加强育种工作主动性和目的性提出的一种新型常规育种方法，它成功地将种质创新和新品种选育结合在一起，在对亲本材料进行分类的基础上，以不育材料作工具，构建多个混合群体－目标性状基因库，利用各基因库内基因的累加效应开展超亲育种，进行种质创新；利用基因库间基因的重组、互作效应及基因突变进行组合育种、改良育种，将各基因库创新的优良性状组合到一起，选育综合性状优良的新品种。河北省农林科学院谷子研究所用该法已创新出系列早熟、超早熟新材料，并利用这些材料培育出了多个综合性状优良的新品种，在国家谷子品种区域试验和品种比较试验中表现突出。培育出4份超早熟谷子新品种，在河北省坝上地区正常成熟，其中超早熟1号还具有甜秆、多穗、秸秆粗蛋白含量高的特点，超早熟2号小米富铁、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量高。

Английский. The way of target character gene bank breeding is a new way of conventional breeding, which is introduced by the authors’ my institute in order to improve initiative and purposefulness. It has combined germplasm innovation and breeding selection of new varieties. On the basis of classification of parental material, using the sterility line as tool, the authors’ has constructed different target character gene banks, and has developed transgression breeding and innovation in germplasm utilizing the additive effect of gene in the gene bank and has used gene recombination and interaction of gene and gene mutation to develop combination breeding and improve variety and breed new varieties. They have combined all the innovated good characters in all the gene banks to develop new variety with good synthetic characters. The reserch institute of Millet Crops in Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science innovated a set of pre maturity, super-prematurity materials using this method, and has developed many good new varieties with synthetic characters. These varieties showed prominent in national millet variety test and variety test. Four super-prematurity lines were developed, which could maturate normally at Ba-shang District in Hebei Provience. So the forbidden zone for millet breeding is broken through. Among the four lines, super-prematurity No.1 has sweet-straw, multi-spike and high crude protein. Super-prematurity No.2 has well-off iron, high crude protein and high crude fat.