Morphological characters and flowering habits of sterile lines of aromatic indica rice with yellow green leaf marker | 带有黄绿叶色标记的香型籼稻不育系形态特征及开花习性

Китайский. 我们对3个含有黄绿叶色标记的香型籼稻不育系黄标1A、黄标2A、黄标3A和正常绿叶不育系Ⅱ-32A、G46A的形态特征及开花习性进行了调查分析。结果表明：黄标1A、黄标2A、黄标3A不育系同正常叶色不育系Ⅱ-32A、G46A的叶色差异显著,易肉眼识别,其外部形态特征为植株叶片及颖壳呈黄绿色,黄标A株系株高（41.5～56.5cm）比Ⅱ-32A（59.5cm）、G46A（60.4cm）要矮,以黄标3A的播始期85d比Ⅱ-32A短8d、比G46A长7d,穗长、穗平着粒与Ⅱ-32A、G46A相当,千粒重比Ⅱ-32A、G46A高出1.8g和1.47g,其中颖尖、叶鞘、叶耳及叶片边缘呈紫红色。黄标1A、黄标2A、黄标3A不育系的柱头外露率、张颖角度都高于Ⅱ-32A和G46A,柱头生活力供试不育系间存在着生理功能的差异。包颈长度Ⅱ-32A最长,黄标1A、黄标2A、黄标3A与G46A相当;半包颈长度黄标1A、黄标2A和黄标3A相当（3.0～3.5cm）、而Ⅱ-32A最长（5.0cm）、G46A次之（4.5cm）。黄标1A、黄标2A、黄标3A不育系的开花动态相似,曲线呈双峰型,开花高峰为开花后的第2～5天,与Ⅱ-32A的开花动态相似,但Ⅱ-32A有明显的低谷,而G46A曲线呈单峰型。不同不育系所开的颖花数并不一样,以开花第8天统计开花数以黄标2A最多,其次是黄标3A,黄标1A和对照Ⅱ-32A开花数相同,而G46A到第8天开花结束。黄标1A、黄标2A的开花盛期与Ⅱ-32A一致,为开花后第5天,而黄标3A与G46A一致,为4d。参试不育系每天上午10：00时初花、11：00～12：30时为开花盛期,只有G46A表现出迟花特性。[著者文摘]

Английский. In this research, we had investigated the morphological characters and flowering habits of three sterile lines of aromatic indica rice with yellow green leaf marker, Huangbiao 1 A, Huangbiao 2A and Huangbiao 3A, the normal sterile lines, Ⅱ -32A and G46A, were employed to be as references. The results showed that the tested three lines have a definitely difference in the color of leaves easily distinguished with eyes comparing to the references,. The typical characters of tested lines would be the color of yellow green like leaves and glumes, and beak of glume, leaf sheath leaf auricle and edge of leaves presented in the colour of prunosus. The plant height of Huangbiao A lines are in the range of 41.5 cm to 56.5 cm, which is quite shorter than that of references, the height of the later Ⅱ-32A and G46A are 59.5 cm and 60.4 cm, respectively. The duration from sowing to initial flowering of Huangbiao 3A was about 85 days, which shorten 8 days than that of Ⅱ-32A, while extended 7 days than that of G46A. The length of panicle and setting of the spikelet ofHuangbiao 3A would be quite the similar as that of Ⅱ -32A and G46A, and weight of 1 000 grains has 1.8 gram and 1.47 gram much more heavy than that of Ⅱ-32A and G46A, respectively. The rate of stigma extrusion and opening glume angle of three tested lines were higher than t hat of Ⅱ -32A and G46A, and there is much difference of stigma vigor in the physiological functions among tested lines. The longest length of wrapping panicle neck would be the Ⅱ-32A, and that of tested lines are quite similar with G46A, as well as the length of partly wrapping panicle neck of Ⅱ-32A and G46A are 5.0 cm and 4.5 era, respectively, and that of the tested lines are similarly from 3.0 cm to 3.5 cm. Flowering dynamic status of tested lines were presented as curve with two peaks comparing with that of Ⅱ-32A being curve with deep valley and that of G46A being curve with single peak, which the flowering peak usually appeared at the second day and fifth day after initial flowering day. There are an obviously difference in the flowering mumbers of spikelet among the testedlines and references, the results showed that the line of Huangbiao 1A had much more flowering spikelets than that of Huangbiao 3A based on the statistic data after eighth flowering day, and that of the Huangbiao 1A was the same as Ⅱ -32A, and that of G46A was close to flowering at the eighth day. The flowering peak of Huangbiao 1A and Huangbiao 2A were appeared at the fifth day after the initial flowering day that is consistent with Ⅱ -32A. And that Huangbiao 3A is following with G46A, the flowering peak appeared at the fourth day. It is easily observed that the initial time of daily flowering is about ten o＇clock in the morning and fully blooming about from eleven thirty to twelve at the noon, whereas the G46A has the delaying character of flowering.