Applications of molecular marker on the research of pine genetics and evolution | 分子标记在松树遗传与进化研究中的应用

Китайский. 松树是世界上分布最广且最具经济价值的树种之一。近年来随着DNA分子标记技术的发展,分子标记已经广泛应用于松树的遗传多样性、亲缘关系、遗传图谱构建、基因定位及分子标记辅助选择等方向。本文从遗传多样性、亲缘关系、遗传图谱构建、基因定位及标记辅助选择等角度,评述了松树遗传与进化上常用的DNA分子标记如RFLP、RAPD、AFLP和SSR等的应用情况和进展。在遗传多样性方面,DNA分子标记技术已成为鉴定松树种间、种内遗传多样性的有效手段,并用于指导杂交育种;在亲缘关系判定方面,可以在分子水平上阐明生物系统演化及分类情况,揭示育种亲本的选配和种质资源的有效利用;在松树遗传图谱构建和基因定位及标记辅助选择方面也取得了显著进展,构建了二十多张连锁图谱,并对其生长、材性和抗性等性状进行了基因定位,获得了一些重要的与抗病相连锁标记。[著者文摘]

Английский. Pine is the world＇s most widely distributed and most of the economic value of the species. In recent years, with DNA molecular marker technology, molecular markers have been widely used in the genetic diversity of trees, genetic relationship, genetic map construction, gene mapping and molecular marker-assisted selection and so on. In this paper, genetic diversity, genetic relationship, genetic map construction, gene mapping and marker-assisted selection point of view, comment on the pine trees on the common genetic and evolution of DNA molecular markers, such as RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR, etc. and the application of progress. In genetic diversity, DNA molecular markers have become the identification of pine species, the species with an effective means of genetic diversity and to provide guidance to crossbreeding; To determine the genetic relationship, it can be clarified at the molecular level of biological evolution and classification system, reveals the breeding parents of the matching and the effective utilization of germplasm resources. In the genetic map construction and gene mapping and molecular markers have also made significant progress, to build more than 20 linkage map, and its growth, wood properties, resistance traits, such as gene mapping, access to a number of important and disease-resistant marked with a chain.