Effects of water supply tension on yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber | 供水吸力对温室黄瓜产量与水分利用效率的影响

Китайский. 【目的】研究不同供水吸力即不同土壤水分对温室黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）生长发育的影响,确定黄瓜不同生育期对水分的需求,为温室黄瓜灌溉决策提供理论依据。【方法】采用负水头供水控水盆栽装置,通过设定装置不同的供水吸力（WST）来持续稳定控制不同的土壤含水率,分析各供水吸力处理的黄瓜叶片光合、产量与水分利用效率的差异。【结果】负水头供水控水盆栽装置能通过调节供水吸力持续稳定控制土壤不同含水率;黄瓜植株在3―5 kPa供水吸力范围内产量与商品瓜率最高,叶片净光合速率、干物质积累量也较高;3―13 kPa处理范围内的黄瓜水分利用效率差异不明显,最高为7 kPa处理的36.57,1 kPa处理的黄瓜水分利用效率最低,与其它处理差异显著,表明对黄瓜各生育期进行分期水分调控才能显著提高水分利用效率;试验结果还表明,黄瓜随着生育进程需水量越来越大,供水不足会导致生长点枯死而停止生长,影响黄瓜产量与商品瓜率,黄瓜采收后期适当加大水分供应可以增加采收后期产量。【结论】3―5 kPa的供水吸力较适合温室黄瓜的生长,此时土壤相对含水量为67%―81%;适当降低黄瓜苗期土壤水分、控制花期土壤水分和增加结果期土壤水分能进一步提高产量与水分利用效率。

Английский. 【Objective】 The effects of different water supply tension(WST) that is different soil moisture on the growth and development of greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were studied. The demand of water at different growth stages of greenhouse cucumber was determined to provide a theoretical basis for the irrigation decision-making. 【Method】 A negative pressure water supplying and controlling pot device was used to control different soil water contents by setting the WST of the device at different values. The differences in photosynthetic rate, yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of cucumber under different WST were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that the negative pressure water supplying and controlling pot device can maintain soil water content in a enactment state by setting the WST. The leaf photosynthetic rate, biomass accumulation as well as yield and marketable fruit rate of cucumber were much higher at 3-5 kPa WST treatments, the highest WUE 36.57 appeared in WST of 7 kPa and a significant lower WUE was observed in WST of 1 kPa, differences in WUE for other 6 WST were not significant. The result shows that WUE can only by improved by control water supply at different growth stages of cucumber. The result also indicates that the water demand increase with the growing process. The growth will be restricted and yield will be reduced with the shortage of water supply, increase the yield at terminal fruiting stage can be obtained by increasing soil water content at fruiting stage of cucumber. 【Conclusion】 The above results indicate that the range of WST from 3-5 kPa are more suitable for greenhouse cucumber growth when the relative soil water content ranges from 67% to 81%. Reduce water supply at seedling stage, control water supply at flowering stage and increase water supply at fruiting stage of cucumber can increase yield and WUE.