Cruzamiento natural en frijol Ayacote (Phaseolus coccineus L.).

Испанский язык; кастильский. La finalidad del presente trabajo fue determinar el porcentaje de cruzamiento natural en frijol ayocote (Phaseolus coccineus L.) sembrado durante el periodo primavera-verano de 1979 en el area de Chapingo, Mexico. Las variedades utilizadas fueron: Zacatecas-635 de tallo verde, flor blanca, testa blanca; y Mexico 1005, de tallo morado, flor roja y testa negra. El gene que determina el color morado del tallo se utilizo como marcador, ya que es dominante sobre el gene que determina el color verde. Se consideraron ademas, dos direcciones de surcada: norte-sur y oriente-poniente; tres distancias entre variedades: 10 cm, 90 cm, 180 cm; y dos niveles de fertilizacion del terreno: 00-00-00 y 80-60-00. De los resultados obtenidos se concluye que el porcentaje de cruzamiento natural vario entre 11.11 y 41.41. El porcentaje fue mayor cuando la surcada se trazo de oriente a poniente, que cuando se establecio de norte a sur. En esta ultima orientacion, el porcentaje de cruzamiento natural fue mayor cuando las variedades se aislaron 10 cm y 90 cm, que cuando se separaron 180 cm. Cuando la surcada se trazo de oriente a poniente, el cruzamiento natural tendio a ser mayor en los tratamientos donde no se aplico fertilizante al terreno.

Английский. The objetive of this study was to find out the percentage of natural hybridization in runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus L.) The study was carried out during the spring and summer time of 1979, in the area of Chapingo, Mexico. Two varieties were used: Zacatecas-635, which has green stems, white flowers and white seed coats; and Mexico-1005, of violet stems, red flowers and black seed coats. The violet color of the stem was used as marker gen, because it is dominant on the green color of the same character. Also considered were two directions of the planting rows: north to south and east to west; three different distances between varieties: 10 cm, 90 cm, and 180 cm; and two levels of soil fertilization: 80-60-00 and 00-00-00. From the results, it was concluded that the percentage of natural hybridization varied from 11.11 to 41.41. The percentage was higher, when the direction of the planting rows, was from east to west than when it was from north to south. In this last direction, the percentage of natural hybridization, was also higher when the varieties were grown 10 cm and 90 cm apart, than when they were isolated 180 cm. When the planting rows were orientated from east to west, the natural hybridization tended to be higher in treatments where the soil fertilization was not carried out.