Montreal Protocol : reducing ODS use in foam-blown pre-insulated pipes (with particular reference to Poland)
Karvinen, Jaakko | Jeffs, Mike | Broennum, Thomas | Kuivalainen, Pekka | Pedersen, Hans Norgaard | Schmidt, Frieder
Poland, as a Party to the Montreal Protocol, is obligated to phase-out CFCs and other controlled substances by the year 1996. The Foam Working Group (OORG/FWG), a sub-group of the OORG, was convened by the World Bank, to prepare an in-depth assessment of the present status of technological options for CFC-free blown foam pre-insulated pipes. The Working Group found that foams based on the blowing agent alternatives to CFC-11, namely HCFCs, Ten, pentanes, and carbon dioxide, satisfy the requirements of EN 253, draft 5 (the anticipated European engineering standard for foams for pre-insulated foams). Additional tests to measure the long-term creep behavior of the products are in course of development to give reassurance of conformity with this standard during this current period of technological change. In the interim, because of their similarity in physical nature, foams based on HCFCs, Ten, or pentanes could reasonably be expected to have similarly physical and long-term performance behavior to well-proven foams based on CFC-11. However, carbon dioxide is fundamentally different in its physical leading to a greater degree of uncertainty in the behavior of foams based on it. The Working Group also concluded after consultations with manufacturers that differences in price between CFC-11 blown foams and those based on HCFC and carbon dixide blowing agents are unlikely to be significant.
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Эту запись предоставил World Bank
