Testing of Monitoring Devices for JP-4 Releases in the Subsurface
1990
Wickramanayke, G. B. | Kittel, J. A. | Hinchee, R. E. | Voudrias, E. A. | Reichenbach, N. G.
This research sought to select and test the performance of a set of external monitoring devices having potential application for both underground storage tanks (USTs) and general subsurface monitoring. These devices may be used to detect and/or monitor jet fuel in the subsurface from leaking USTs or other sources. Seven devices were tested for both vapor-phase and liquid-phase monitoring of JP-4 jet fuel. Cylindrical tanks 12' diam. and 4' deep containing a uniform sand were used as test beds. A release that averaged less than 0.02 gal/hr of JP-4 was simulated at the central location of the sand test beds. Gas chromatography analysis was used to determine actual concentrations for comparison to device response. Fresh JP-4 was released into dry sand and moist sand to simulate vadose zone monitoring. JP-4 was also released into a test bed with a static water table to simulate a leak the groundwater. Measurement of floating fuel thickness was determined throughout the liquid phase experiments, as well as liquid and vapor hydrocarbon concentrations. Devices were tested for false positives. The rapid vapor concentration rise that occurs during a leak indicates that vapor-phase monitoring is an excellent method for early warning of product release. Devices using vapor phase detection for leaking JP-4 had the best overall performance. Devices monitoring for JP-4 floating product on the water table are not as quick or sensitive as the vapor phase devices at detecting a leak.
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