Obstructive cholestasis and extra hepatic biliary tract surgery in dogs: clinical and pathological evaluation

The present study aimed to evaluate some surgical techniques as cholecystectomy, cholecystoduodenostomy and cholecystogastrostomy as well as liver functions via biochemical and pathological evaluation following experimental extra hepatic cholestasls. 12 apparently clinically healthy mongrel dogs were used. Extra hepatic cholestasis was Induced surgically by obstruction of and common bile duct. Clinically, the animals showed several signs Including partial anorexia which continued for 3days and progressed to complete anorexia for another 2days, then all dogs was ate normally by the day 6th post operation. Visible jaundice, pale to slightly yellow mucous membrane of conjunctiva and gum, dullness, dehydration and sever emaciation was noticed. Cholecystectomy, Choiecystoduodenostomy and \\ Cholecystogastrostomy showed depression with anorexia In the firstweek and gradually Increased until reaching Its normal level. Intermittent diarrhea and vomiting were noticed at the first 3 days especially in cholecystogastrostomy. Macroscopically severe distention of gallbladders, cystic ducts and common bile ducts were clearly noticed in cholestatlc dogs. Adhesions between liver surface and surrounding peritoneum were found. Serum levels of total and direct bilirubin In cholestasls were significantly Increased throughout the period of the experiment. GGT, AST, ALT and ALP levels showed marked increase beginning at the second day after complete biliary duct obstruction. Serum cholesterol and glucose levels showed a significant increase. Serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels showed a significant decrease followed by Increase throughout the experiment. Biliary bypass proved as easy technique especially cholecystoduodenostomy. It Is therefore suggested that; clinical signs, biochemical and pathological changes are useful diagnostic primary tools in mongrl dogs affected with extra hepatic obstructive cholestatlc lesions. The cholecystoduodenstomy proved as useful surgical procedure to bypass sites of obstruction affecting the extra hepatic biliary tree than cholecystectomy and cholecystodgastrotomy.