Regional-based typology of the main fungal diseases affecting winter wheat in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
2011
El Jarroudi, Moussa | Giraud, Frédéric | Delfosse, Philippe | Kouadio, Amani Louis | Hoffmann, Lucien | Maraite, Henri | Tychon, Bernard
Despite its small territory size, the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg (GDL) hasseveral microclimates that result in a variability of disease severity betweenthe South (Gutland) and the North (Oesling). Septoria leaf blotch disease ofwheat is an important disease in the GDL. Over 2003–2009, the severity wasstrong in Gutland (51% on average over the last two upper leaves at the latemilk growth stage) and low in the Oesling (16% for the same leaves). For theyears 2006, 2008 and 2009, the disease severity was less than 6% in theOesling while it exceeded 40% in the Gutland. The second fungal disease thathas become economically important is the wheat leaf rust. Over the sameperiod, the Gutland and the Oesling showed consistently the highest andlowest disease severity respectively. In 2003 and 2007, the Gutland showedthe highest disease severity with 66% and 57% respectively, whereas thelowest severity (<1%) was observed in the Oesling. Another important disease is wheat powdery mildew. The 2003 and 2009 cropping seasons showed thehighest disease severity with 15% and 40%, respectively, in the Oeslingwhereas less than 1% severity was registered in the Gutland. Fusarium headblight was also present in the eastern part of the Gutland showing the highestprevalence and severity in 2007 and 2008 (8.5% and 8.3% respectively).These prevalence and severity percentages were significantly higher comparedto the Oesling (% prevalence % severity, p = 0.049 and p = 0.012,respectively, Tukey’s test).
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