Norrin Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells from Excitotoxic Damage via the Induction of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor
2020
Stefan Kassumeh | Stephanie Leopold | Rudolf Fuchshofer | Carina N. Thomas | Siegfried G. Priglinger | Ernst R. Tamm | Andreas Ohlmann
Purpose: To investigate whether and how leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif) is involved in mediating the neuroprotective effects of Norrin on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) following excitotoxic damage. Norrin is a secreted protein that protects RGC from N-methyl-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated excitotoxic damage, which is accompanied by increased expression of protective factors such as Lif, Edn2 and Fgf2. Methods: Lif-deficient mice were injected with NMDA in one eye and NMDA plus Norrin into the other eye. RGC damage was investigated and quantified by TUNEL labeling 24 h after injection. Retinal mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction following retinal treatment. Results: After intravitreal injection of NMDA and Norrin in wild-type mice approximately 50% less TUNEL positive cells were observed in the RGC layer when compared to NMDA-treated littermates, an effect which was lost in Lif-deficient mice. The mRNA expression for Gfap, a marker for Müller cell gliosis, as well as Edn2 and Fgf2 was induced in wild-type mice following NMDA/Norrin treatment but substantially blocked in Lif-deficient mice. Conclusions: Norrin mediates its protective properties on RGC via Lif, which is required to enhance Müller cell gliosis and to induce protective factors such as Edn2 or Fgf2.
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