Cross-reactive antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
2021
Marloes Grobben | Karlijn van der Straten | Philip JM Brouwer | Mitch Brinkkemper | Pauline Maisonnasse | Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet | Brent Appelman | AH Ayesha Lavell | Lonneke A van Vught | Judith A Burger | Meliawati Poniman | Melissa Oomen | Dirk Eggink | Tom PL Bijl | Hugo DG van Willigen | Elke Wynberg | Bas J Verkaik | Orlane JA Figaroa | Peter J de Vries | Tessel M Boertien | Amsterdam UMC COVID-19 S3/HCW study group | Marije K Bomers | Jonne J Sikkens | Roger Le Grand | Menno D de Jong | Maria Prins | Amy W Chung | Godelieve J de Bree | Rogier W Sanders | Marit J van Gils
Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are losing efficacy against emerging variants and may not protect against future novel coronavirus outbreaks, emphasizing the need for more broadly protective vaccines. To inform the development of a pan-coronavirus vaccine, we investigated the presence and specificity of cross-reactive antibodies against the spike (S) proteins of human coronaviruses (hCoV) after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. We found an 11- to 123-fold increase in antibodies binding to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV as well as a 2- to 4-fold difference in antibodies binding to seasonal hCoVs in COVID-19 convalescent sera compared to pre-pandemic healthy donors, with the S2 subdomain of the S protein being the main target for cross-reactivity. In addition, we detected cross-reactive antibodies to all hCoV S proteins after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in macaques and humans, with higher responses for hCoV more closely related to SARS-CoV-2. These findings support the feasibility of and provide guidance for development of a pan-coronavirus vaccine.
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