Soil stratification for weed control
2022
Syromiatnykov, Yurii
The qualitative indicators of a tillage machine for optimizing a ploughed soil layer, modifying the structure and density of a cultivated soil layer in accordance with agronomic requirements, as well as an effective organic weed-control method have been studied. Physical and mechanical properties of the soil have been studied after spring cultivation in the conditions of bare (black) fallow. Soil structure and aggregate composition depending on the type of cultivation, the density of soil layers at different times, and the dynamics of soil moisture changes in the layers for two months after spring cultivation have been analysed as well. The performance of a soil tillage loosening-separating machine has been studied on a soil layer which was separated after processing into four sublayers: over-seed, seed, under-seed, and subsurface ones. Soil fragments (lumps) of a size larger than 20 mm were completely removed from the overseed sublayer. The most valuable soil structure in agronomic terms was formed in the seed sublayer where the size of individual components did not exceed three times the size of seeds. The experimental machine for optimizing the agrophysical properties of the ploughed soil layer allowed increasing the structural coefficient about 2.5 times as compared with traditional cultivators. It was found that soil cultivation with a loosening-separating tillage machine allows improving the methods of pre-sowing cultivation to improve its agrotechnical characteristics, skip pre-sowing harrowing and cultivation, prepare the soil for sowing in one run, and control weeds without chemicals.
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