VARIABILITY IN TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DURUM SPRING WHEAT GRAIN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF VEGETATION CONDITIONS

The research was carried out in order to identify patterns of variability of physical and chemical properties of grain varieties and lines of spring durum wheat in different weather conditions years. Data on the quality of spring durum wheat grain in the nursery of competitive variety testing for 2018-2021 are presented. Legumes were used as a precursor. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the physical properties of grain (size, completeness, vitreousness, nature, which affect the quantity and quality of grains), along with genotypic features, depend on the conditions of vegetation. By weight of 1000 grains, high values were noted in the hot 2021 – 35.8 g (with fluctuations in grades from 32.1 g in the 4783/15 variety to 38.5 g in the Don Elegy standard and line 4804/18). The least significant differences were observed when studying the vitreousness and nature of the grain. The interport variability over the years was insignificant: in vitreousness - V=2.62-7.51%, in nature - V=1.47-2.91% with a deviation from the average in one direction or another. It is shown that the protein content in the grain, which has a greater effect on the quality of pasta (strength, digestibility, dry residue), is strictly dependent not only on the growing season conditions, especially on the temperature regime during filling and ripening (r= +0.51), but also on the yield level (r= -0.44 - -0.62). Its high content was noted in 2020 – 16.4% with a variation from 15.8 to 17.0%. The gluten content in the grain in all samples met the requirements of GOST R.52554-2006 for durum wheat. Its greatest value was also noted in 2020 – 35.9% (32.4-37.6). In terms of the number of falls, 2021 was distinguished by a small variability – 6.26%. The results of a comprehensive assessment of grain quality, depending on the growing season conditions, allow us to conclude that such varieties and lines of spring durum wheat as Don Elegia, Volnodonskaya and 4804/18 are characterized by the maximum severity of all signs that meet the world level.