Inflammation as Prognostic Hallmark of Clinical Outcome in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Diana Fuzio; Angelo Michele Inchingolo; Vitalba Ruggieri; Massimo Fasano; Maria Federico; Manuela Mandorino; Lavinia Dirienzo; Salvatore Scacco; Alessandro Rizzello; Maurizio Delvecchio; Massimiliano Parise; Roberto Rana; Nicola Faccilongo; Biagio Rapone; Francesco Inchingolo; Antonio Mancini; Maria Celeste Fatone; Antonio Gnoni; Gianna Dipalma; Giovanni Dirienzo

Inflammation as Prognostic Hallmark of Clinical Outcome in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is often characterized by a life-threatening interstitial pneumonia requiring hospitalization. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to identify hallmarks of in-hospital mortality in patients affected by Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). A total of 150 patients admitted for COVID-19 from March to June 2021 to &ldquo:F. Perinei&rdquo: Murgia Hospital in Altamura, Italy, were divided into survivors (n = 100) and non-survivors groups (n = 50). Blood counts, inflammation-related biomarkers and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed into two groups in the first 24 h after admission and compared by Student&rsquo:s t-test. A multivariable logistic analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Total lymphocyte count and CD3+ and CD4+ CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets were significantly lower in non-survivors. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly higher in non-survivors. Age &gt: 65 years and presence of comorbidities were identified as independent risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality, while IL-6 and LDH showed a borderline significance. According to our results, markers of inflammation and lymphocytopenia predict in-hospital mortality in COVID-19.

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