Development of propolis and essential oils containing oral/throat spray formulation against SARS-CoV-2 infection
2022
Pelvan, Ebru | Serhatlı, Müge | Karaoğlu, Öznur | Karadeniz, Bülent | Pembeci Kodolbaş, Ceyda | Aslı Öncü, Neşe | Çakırca, Gamze | Damarlı, Emel | Başdoğan, Günay | Mergen Duymaz, Gizem | Emir Akyıldız, İsmail | Düz, Gamze | Acar, Sezer | Özhan, Yağmur | Sipahi, Hande | Charehsaz, Mohammad | Aydın, Ahmet | Yesilada, Erdem | Alasalvar, Cesarettin
A broad range of evidence has confirmed that natural products and essential oils might have the potential to suppress COVID-19 infection. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an oral/throat spray formulation for prophylactic use in the oral cavity or help treatment modalities. Based on a reference survey, several essential oils, a cold-pressed oil, and propolis were selected, and cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of each component and the developed spray formulation were examined against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection using Vero E6 cells. Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic activities as well as mutagenicity and anti-mutagenicity of the formulation were analysed. Forty-three phenolics were identified in both propolis extract and oral/throat spray. The spray with 1:640-fold dilution provided the highest efficacy and the cytopathic effect was delayed for 54 h at this dilution, and the antiviral activity rate was 85.3%. A combination of natural products with essential oils at the right concentrations can be used as a supplement for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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