Heterogeneous Activation of Persulfate by Graphene Oxide-TiO2 Nanosheet for Oxidation of Diclofenac: Optimization by Central Composite Design

Genç, Nevim; Durna, Elif; Gengec, Erhan

Heterogeneous Activation of Persulfate by Graphene Oxide-TiO2 Nanosheet for Oxidation of Diclofenac: Optimization by Central Composite Design

2018

Genç, Nevim | Durna, Elif | Gengec, Erhan

In this study, the performance of oxidation with actived persulfate (PS) by graphene oxide-TiO₂ nanosheet (GO-TiO₂) was investigated for diclofenac (DCF) removal, an anti-inflammatory analgesic being widely used in human health care and veterinary treatment. GO-TiO₂ containing oxygen functional groups is employed as an activator for the activation of PS used as the oxidizing agent. Modeling and optimization of the process were performed by central composite design (CCD) as a response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of various factors, including PS concentration, GO-TiO₂ amount, initial pH of DCF solution, and reaction time on DCF oxidation, were evaluated. When the estimated values of the full quadratic model obtained with CCD were compared with the actual experimental results, a strong agreement was obtained with an R² value of 0.9553. Besides, the model consistency was verified by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a value of 20.17 of F value and P value of less than 0.05. After the optimization run, maximum DCF removal of 93.06% occurred with contact time of 14 min, pH of 5.54, PS concentration of 10 g/L, and 0.1 g of GO-TiO₂ as optimal variable values.

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