Acute sodium ingestion has no effect on short-term food and water intake, subjective appetite, thirst, or glycemic response in healthy young men
2013
Nunez, Maria Fernanda | Mollard, Rebecca C. | Luhovyy, Bohdan L. | Wong, Christina L. | Anderson, G Harvey
The high intake of dietary sodium (Na⁺) has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance, sparking the hypothesis that the consumption of salty foods affects food intake (FI) and postprandial blood glucose (BG) response. Therefore, we conducted 2 randomized repeated-measures experiments to examine the acute effects of the Na⁺ content of solid food and beverage on FI, water intake (WI), subjective appetite, thirst, and BG. FI and WI were measured at ad libitum pizza test meals; appetite, thirst, and BG were measured at baseline and at regular intervals before and after meals. In the first experiment, 16 males (mean body mass index (BMI), 22.2 kg·m⁻²) consumed a low-Na⁺ (71 mg) bean preload (300 kcal) with or without 740 mg or 1480 mg of added Na⁺ 120 min prior to the pizza meal. Participants ate 116 kcal more at the test meal after consuming beans with 740 mg of added Na⁺ than after beans with 1480 mg of added Na⁺. In the second experiment, 19 males (mean BMI, 23.2 kg·m⁻²) consumed a low-Na⁺ (62 mg) tomato beverage (73 kcal) with or without 500, 1000, 1500, or 2000 mg of added Na⁺ 30 min prior to a pizza meal. The beverage with 2000 mg of added Na⁺ led to higher WI during the pizza meal than the beverage with 500 mg of added Na⁺. However, compared with the control conditions (no added Na⁺), added Na⁺ treatments had no effect on dependent measures in either experiment. In conclusion, the acute intake of Na⁺, in a solid or liquid form, did not affect short-term subjective ratings of appetite or thirst, ad libitum FI or WI, or BG in healthy young men.
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