Springs’ Water Quality Assessment in Areas with Different Degrees of Forest Conservation: a Study in Tropical Climate Basins
2020
da Silva Rangel Neto, Reginaldo | Luz, Lafayette Dantas | Aguiar Junior, Terencio Rebello
Riparian vegetation has a fundamental role in protecting water bodies due to its ability to retain potential contaminants. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of water according to the different land uses and state of conservation of forest vegetation in springs of tropical climate basins (Bahia, Brazil). Eighteen points at ten rural communities were selected in the Jacuípe and Joanes river basins. In relation to the degree of conservation, the areas were classified as preserved, disturbed or degraded. All the evaluated parameters presented values above the legal standards defined both by international legislation (USEPA and Decree-Law no 152/2017) and also by Brazilian legislation (CONAMA Resolution 357/05) for “degraded” zones. The aluminum concentration (Al³⁺) presented a variation of 0.01 to 4.20 mg L⁻¹, iron (Fe) of 0.01 to 4.50 mg L⁻¹, nitrogen (N) of 0.00 to 5.20 mg L⁻¹, nitrate (NO₃⁻) of 0.00 to 14.50 mg L⁻¹, nitrite (NO₂⁻) of 0.01 to 2.50 mg L⁻¹, phosphorus (P) of 0.00 to 2.22 mg L⁻¹, orthophosphate (PO₄³⁻) of 0.00 to 6.80 mg L⁻¹ and the pH presented a variation between 4.30 and 6.80. In general, it was observed that the values of water quality parameters are directly related to the state of conservation of the riparian zone. Based on this, it is concluded that the water quality monitoring permits to evaluate the influence of changes in the environment and the role of riparian zones in the protection of those water bodies.
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