Bioaccessiblity and exposure assessment of PM2.5- and PM10-bound rare earth elements in Oil City, Northeast China

Gao, Peng; Jian, Hu; Xing, Yanfeng; Tianxing, Xu; Chen, Xin; Jia, Liming; Hang, Jian

Bioaccessiblity and exposure assessment of PM2.5- and PM10-bound rare earth elements in Oil City, Northeast China

2020

In this study, an in vitro method was used to simulate lung fluids [Artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) and Gamble’s solution (GS)] to assess how the bioaccessibility of rare earth elements (REEs) in airborne particulate matter (PM) affects human health. Airborne PM samples (PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅) were collected in Daqing in Northeast China. The bioaccessible proportions determined for REEs in PM₁₀ and PM₂.₅ had high variability, which can be attributable to the heterogenic feature of airborne PM and its components, as well as sampling time. Overall, the bioaccessiblity of the REEs in the airborne PM samples was time-dependent. The bioaccessiblity of the REEs varied in PM with different sizes, and it was an order of magnitude higher in ALF than in GS. During both heavy and light pollution, the bioaccessiblity of the REEs in PM₂.₅ was higher than in PM₁₀ after 24 h of ALF extraction, whereas bioaccessiblity of the REEs in GS followed the opposite trend. The REEs associated with airborne PM had much greater bioaccessiblity as the exposure time increased. The results of this study emphasize the necessity of conducting bioaccessibility experiments with field samples for the proper evaluation of human health risks.

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