Ability of Indian pennywort Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell in the phytoremediation of sewage (greywater)

Tabassum-Abbasi,; Patnaik, Pratiksha; Abbasi, Shahid Abbas

Ability of Indian pennywort Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell in the phytoremediation of sewage (greywater)

2020

Tabassum-Abbasi, | Patnaik, Pratiksha | Abbasi, Shahid Abbas

The freely and abundantly available amphibious plant Indian pennywort Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell was able to phytoremediate sewage (greywater) quickly and substantially in SHEFROL® (“sheet flow root level”) bioreactors, achieving reductions in the levels of several indicator parameters: suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, copper, nickel, and manganese to the extents of about 90%, 76–77%, 80%, 65%, 55%, 56%, 42%, and 41%, respectively at hydraulic retention times of just 6 h. As these indicators of primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments were achieved simultaneously in a single reactor compartment, the system presented in this paper promises to be simple, rapid, and economical, in achieving significant treatment of greywater.

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