Genetic structure and pathogenicity of populations of Phytophthora infestans from organic potato crops in France, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom
Flier, W.G. | Kroon, L.P.N.M. | Hermansen, A. | van Raaij, H.M.G. | Speiser, B. | Tamm, Lucius | Fuchs, J.G. | Lambion, J. | Razzaghian, J. | Andrivon, Didier | Wilcockson, S. | Leifert, C. | Plant Research International (PRI) ; Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR) | Bioforsk-Norvegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research | Research Institute of Organic Agriculture - Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL) | Groupe de Recherche en Agriculture Biologique (GRAB) | Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST | University of Newcastle upon Tyne
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Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. Genetic variation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from organic potato crops of the susceptible cv. Bintje and the moderately resistant cv. Sante were assessed in France, Norway, and the United Kingdom in 2001 and in Switzerland in 2001 and 2002. Population structures differed considerably between the four P. infestans populations. Those from France, Switzerland and the UK were mainly clonal populations showing restricted levels of genetic diversity, whilst those from Norway were mixed A1 and A2 mating type populations with high levels of genetic diversity, suggesting periodical sexual reproduction. Isolates collected from cv. Bintje were on average more aggressive than or comparable to isolates from cv. Sante. Race complexity varied considerably between the regional P. infestans populations, with isolates from France and Switzerland showing the highest number of virulence factors. In all pathogen samples but the French, isolates collected from cv. Sante were more complex than isolates collected from cv. Bintje. No directional selection towards increased aggressiveness towards the more resistant cultivar Sante was observed. This suggests that there is no shift towards increased levels of pathogenicity in P. infestans populations following the large-scale introduction of more resistant potato varieties in organic production systems in Europe
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