Transient and Prolonged Response of Chicken Cecum Mucosa to Colonization with Different Gut Microbiota
2016
Volf, Jiri | Polansky, Ondrej | Varmuzova, Karolina | Gerzova, Lenka | Sekelova, Zuzana | Faldynova, Marcela | Babak, Vladimir | Medvecky, Matej | Smith, Adrian L | Kaspers, Bernd | Velge, Philippe | Rychlik, Ivan | Veterinary Research Institute | Department of Zoology ; University of Oxford | Department for Veterinary Sciences, Institute for Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ; Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU) | Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT) | Grantova Agentura Ceske Republiky, project number 15-11688S - Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic, project number CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0006–ED0006/01/01 - Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic, project number CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0064 - BBSRC, project number BB/K004468/1 - DEFRA, project number OD0221
In this study we determined protein and gene expression in the caeca of newly hatched chickens inoculated with cecal contents sourced from hens of different ages. Over 250 proteins exhibited modified expression levels in response to microbiota inoculation. The most significant inductions were observed for ISG12-2, OASL, ES1, LYG2, DMBT1-L, CDD, ANGPTL6, B2M, CUZD1, IgM and Ig lambda chain. Of these, ISG12-2, ES1 and both immunoglobulins were expressed at lower levels in germ-free chickens compared to conventional chickens. In contrast, CELA2A, BRT-2, ALDH1A1, ADH1C, AKR1B1L, HEXB, ALDH2, ALDOB, CALB1 and TTR were expressed at lower levels following inoculation of microbiota. When chicks were given microbiota preparations from different age donors, the recipients mounted differential responses to the inoculation which also differed from the response profile in naturally colonised birds. For example, B2M, CUZD1 and CELA2A responded differently to the inoculation with microbiota of 4- or 40-week-old hens. The increased or decreased gene expression could be recorded 6 weeks after the inoculation of newly hatched chickens. To characterise the proteins that may directly interact with the microbiota we characterised chicken proteins that co-purified with the microbiota and identified a range of host proteins including CDD, ANGPTL6, DMBT1-L, MEP1A and Ig lambda. We propose that induction of ISG12-2 results in reduced apoptosis of host cells exposed to the colonizing commensal microbiota and that CDD, ANGPTL6, DMBT1-L, MEP1A and Ig lambda reduce contact of luminal microbiota with the gut epithelium thereby reducing the inflammatory response.
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