Importancia de la implementación de tensiómetros en el manejo del agua de riego a nivel parcelario

Tensiometers measure the soil matrix potential, this tool is located close to the root zone and at a varying depth of the crop to be analyzed, if the extraction force is close to zero it is interpreted that the soil is saturated and does not need irrigation, but if values far from zero are present, irrigation should be carried out, thus establishing the moment when the crop needs water. The objective of this research is to analyze the importance of the use of the tensiometer in irrigation water management at the plot level. This work was developed as non-experimental bibliographic research using the technique of analysis, journals, current texts, articles, synthesis and summary of the data collected. The results obtained in the research show that tensiometers and their use at plot level show significant advantages in determining the timing of irrigation because it intervenes with several parameters, it is compact and the data obtained are in situ (real field conditions) which increases its efficiency. The Penman-Monteith equation uses climatological data and other parameters, the values obtained are of evapotranspiration of the reference crop, which allows determining when and how much to irrigate, the tensiometer provides real information, it does not need any calculation or knowledge, just a reading. It is concluded that tensiometers are tools that can be used in any production system.

Tensiometers measure the soil matrix potential, this tool is located close to the root zone and at a varying depth of the crop to be analyzed, if the extraction force is close to zero it is interpreted that the soil is saturated and does not need irrigation, but if values far from zero are present, irrigation should be carried out, thus establishing the moment when the crop needs water. The objective of this research is to analyze the importance of the use of the tensiometer in irrigation water management at the plot level. This work was developed as non-experimental bibliographic research using the technique of analysis, journals, current texts, articles, synthesis and summary of the data collected. The results obtained in the research show that tensiometers and their use at plot level show significant advantages in determining the timing of irrigation because it intervenes with several parameters, it is compact and the data obtained are in situ (real field conditions) which increases its efficiency. The Penman-Monteith equation uses climatological data and other parameters, the values obtained are of evapotranspiration of the reference crop, which allows determining when and how much to irrigate, the tensiometer provides real information, it does not need any calculation or knowledge, just a reading. It is concluded that tensiometers are tools that can be used in any production system.

Los tensiómetros miden el potencial matricial del suelo, esta herramienta se encuentra cercana a la zona radicular y a una profundidad variante del cultivo a analizar, si la fuerza de extracción es cercana a cero se interpreta que el suelo está saturado no necesita riego, pero si se presentan valores lejanos a cero se debe irrigar logrando así establecer el momento en que necesita agua el cultivo. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia del uso del tensiómetro en el manejo del agua de riego a nivel parcelario. Este trabajo se desarrolló como una investigación bibliográfica no experimental utilizando la técnica de análisis, revistas, textos actuales, artículos síntesis y resumen de los datos recopilados. Los resultados obtenidos en la investigación demuestran que los tensiómetros y su uso a nivel parcelario muestran ventajas significativas en la determinación del momento oportuno del riego debido a que interviene con varios parámetros, es compacto y los datos obtenidos son in situ (condiciones reales en campo) lo que aumenta su eficiencia. La ecuación de Penman-Monteith usa datos climatológicos y otros parámetros los valores obtenidos son de evapotranspiración del cultivo de referencia el cual permite determinar el cuándo y cuanto irrigar, el tensiómetro nos brinda información real, no necesita de ningún calculo ni conocimiento simplemente de una lectura. Se concluye que los tensiómetros son herramientas que pueden ser usadas en cualquier sistema de producción, tipo de suelo y cultivo es muy práctica, es de bajo costo, su instalación es fácil y rápida, los valores son comprensibles para el agricultor.