Determinación de contenido de amilosa y características molineras en cultivares de arroz (Oryza sativa L.), en la zona de Babahoyo, provincia de Los Ríos

The present research was conducted in the Grain Quality Laboratory of the Technical University of Babahoyo, Ecuador. The amylose content and milling characteristics of seven rice cultivars were determined, which are IMPACTO, SFL-11, VALOR, ELITE, FERÓN, ARENILLAS and LÍNEA SN that came from the Babahoyo area, Los Ríos province. The studied variables were shell (%), integral grain (%), dust (%), classified rice (%) or whole grains, broken rice grains(%), white belly (%), amylose content (%) and protein content (%). For the statistical analysis of the variables, the analysis of variance ANDEVA, Completely Random Design (DCA), Tukey's test at 95%, descriptive statistics, Euclidean Cluster, Pearson correlation, PROMVAR model for the determination of relative variability (%) and principal components analysis were used. Regarding the results, in this study it was determined that there are cultivars of particularly good milling characteristics in the area in question, highlighting that certain cultivars do result with the advantages mentioned. The cultivar that presented the highest percentage of classified grain yield was the SFL-11 cultivar. The cultivars that presented the lowest percentage of shell were: SFL-11 and Impacto. The named cultivars Impacto and SFL-11 showed the highest levels of whole grain. The Elite cultivar was the one that presented the lowest value in the variables broken grain rice and dust. The highest percentage of amylose content were Arenillas, Elite and Impacto.

The present research was conducted in the Grain Quality Laboratory of the Technical University of Babahoyo, Ecuador. The amylose content and milling characteristics of seven rice cultivars were determined, which are IMPACTO, SFL-11, VALOR, ELITE, FERÓN, ARENILLAS and LÍNEA SN that came from the Babahoyo area, Los Ríos province. The studied variables were shell (%), integral grain (%), dust (%), classified rice (%) or whole grains, broken rice grains(%), white belly (%), amylose content (%) and protein content (%). For the statistical analysis of the variables, the analysis of variance ANDEVA, Completely Random Design (DCA), Tukey's test at 95%, descriptive statistics, Euclidean Cluster, Pearson correlation, PROMVAR model for the determination of relative variability (%) and principal components analysis were used. Regarding the results, in this study it was determined that there are cultivars of particularly good milling characteristics in the area in question, highlighting that certain cultivars do result with the advantages mentioned. The cultivar that presented the highest percentage of classified grain yield was the SFL-11 cultivar. The cultivars that presented the lowest percentage of shell were: SFL-11 and Impacto. The named cultivars Impacto and SFL-11 showed the highest levels of whole grain. The Elite cultivar was the one that presented the lowest value in the variables broken grain rice and dust. The highest percentage of amylose content were Arenillas, Elite and Impacto.

La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en el Laboratorio de Calidad de Granos de la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo. Se determinó el contenido de amilosa y las características molineras de siete cultivares de arroz, los cuales son IMPACTO, SFL-11, VALOR, ÉLITE, FERÓN, ARENILLAS y LÍNEA SN que provinieron de la zona de Babahoyo, provincia de Los Ríos. Las variables estudiadas fueron las siguientes y se describen a continuación: Cáscara (%), integral (%), polvillo (%), arroz clasificado (%) o granos enteros, arrocillo (%) o granos quebrados, panza blanca (%), contenido de amilosa (%) y contenido de proteínas (%). Para el análisis estadístico de las variables se utilizó el análisis de varianza ANDEVA, Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA), la prueba de Tukey al 95%, estadística descriptiva, Clúster o conglomerado, correlación de Pearson, modelo de PROMVAR para la determinación de la variabilidad relativa (%) y el análisis de componentes principales. En lo referente a los resultados, en este estudio se determinó que existen cultivares de muy buenas características molineras en la zona en mención, destacando que ciertos cultivares si resultan con las ventajas que se mencionan. El cultivar que presentó el porcentaje más alto rendimiento de grano clasificado fue el cultivar SFL-11. Los cultivares que presentaron menor porcentaje de cáscara fueron: SFL-11 e Impacto. Los cultivares Impacto y SFL-11 mostraron los niveles más altos de grano integral. El cultivar Élite fue el que presentó el valor más bajo en las variables arrocillo y polvillo. El mayor porcentaje de contenido de amilosa fueron: Arenillas, Élite e Impacto.