Importancia de la zeolita sobre la eficiencia de fertilizantes nitrogenados, para incrementar los rendimientos en el cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en el Ecuador

Since ancient times, rice cultivation has been considered as the main food product for mass consumption, generating economic income for the producers who are in charge of cultivating this grass. Most of the soils have been degraded by the indiscriminate use of fertilizers, specifically the application of urea, requiring fertilizers to be applied together with products that improve nitrogen absorption; being zeolite, which helps to increase crop yields and decreasing at applied nitrogen dose. For the execution of this document, information was collected from books, magazines, newspapers, presentations, conferences, and information from websites that were subjected to the analysis-synthesis and paraphrase technique. The conclusions determined that the zeolite has the property of accumulating the irrigation water, to later release it little by little as the plant needs it. It retains minerals like potassium, calcium, magnesium and nitrogen; application rates vary with soil characteristics and other factors, and can be applied to localized soil or broadcast, also mixing zeolite with mineral fertilizers has proven to be a good option to increase the effectiveness of nitrogen or potassium fertilizers; the amounts of zeolite and fertilizer to be applied are calculated based on the characteristics of the soil and the needs of the crops. A widespread use ratio is to substitute 25% of the recommended nitrogen dose for the area with zeolite; The use of nitrogenous fertilizers, mixed with zeolite, allows replacing approximately 25% of nitrogen fertilization, which allows to increase the grain yield per unit area and the application of zeolite contributes as a soil improver and helps to reduce the production cost by hectare, in approximately 5%.

Since ancient times, rice cultivation has been considered as the main food product for mass consumption, generating economic income for the producers who are in charge of cultivating this grass. Most of the soils have been degraded by the indiscriminate use of fertilizers, specifically the application of urea, requiring fertilizers to be applied together with products that improve nitrogen absorption; being zeolite, which helps to increase crop yields and decreasing at applied nitrogen dose. For the execution of this document, information was collected from books, magazines, newspapers, presentations, conferences, and information from websites that were subjected to the analysis-synthesis and paraphrase technique. The conclusions determined that the zeolite has the property of accumulating the irrigation water, to later release it little by little as the plant needs it. It retains minerals like potassium, calcium, magnesium and nitrogen; application rates vary with soil characteristics and other factors, and can be applied to localized soil or broadcast, also mixing zeolite with mineral fertilizers has proven to be a good option to increase the effectiveness of nitrogen or potassium fertilizers; the amounts of zeolite and fertilizer to be applied are calculated based on the characteristics of the soil and the needs of the crops. A widespread use ratio is to substitute 25% of the recommended nitrogen dose for the area with zeolite; The use of nitrogenous fertilizers, mixed with zeolite, allows replacing approximately 25% of nitrogen fertilization, which allows to increase the grain yield per unit area and the application of zeolite contributes as a soil improver and helps to reduce the production cost by hectare, in approximately 5%.

Desde la antigüedad, el cultivo de arroz ha sido considerado como el principal producto alimenticio de consumo masivo, generando ingresos económicos a los productores que se encargan de cultivar esta gramínea. La mayoría de los suelos se han degradado por el uso indiscriminado de fertilizantes, específicamente la aplicación de urea, siendo necesario que fertilizantes sean aplicados conjuntamente con productos que mejoren la absorción del nitrógeno; siendo la zeolita, que ayuda a incrementar los rendimientos de los cultivos y disminuyendo dosis de nitrógeno aplicada. Para la ejecución de presente documento se recopiló información de libros, revistas, periódicos, ponencias, congresos, información de sitios web que fueron sometidas a la técnica de análisis – síntesis y parafraseo. Las conclusiones determinaron que la zeolita tiene la propiedad de acumular el agua de riego, para después liberarla poco a poco según la planta lo necesite. Retiene minerales como potasio, calcio, magnesio y nitrógeno; las dosis de aplicación varían con las características de los suelos y otros factores, pudiendo aplicarse al suelo localizada o a voleo, también la mezcla de la zeolita con fertilizantes minerales ha mostrado ser una buena opción para incrementar la efectividad de los fertilizantes nitrogenados o potásicos; las cantidades de zeolita y fertilizante por aplicar se calculan con base en las características del suelo y las necesidades de los cultivos. Una proporción de uso generalizada es sustituir el 25 % de la dosis de nitrógeno recomendada para la zona por zeolita; la utilización de fertilizantes nitrogenados, mezclados con zeolita permiten sustituir aproximadamente el 25 % de fertilización nitrogenada, lo que permite incrementar el rendimiento de grano por unidad de superficie y la aplicación de zeolita contribuye como mejorador de suelos y ayuda a reducir el costo de producción por hectárea, en aproximadamente un 5 %.