Análisis del sistema de producción del maíz suave de polinización abierta en el ecuador y sus factores adversos

This work is based on the literature review, starting from the agronomic observation indicates the reality regarding the production system of open pollination corn by producers in family farming in the Ecuadorian Sierra. This study manifests research duties that would improve productivity. Traditional systems for the production of corn do not allow the crop to develop phenologically and pheometrically properly and produce the maximum potential per unit area. Uniform populations are achieved by applying the production system to espeque, placing one seed per site at distances ranging from 0.7 to 0.8 m between streets and from 0.18 to 0.25 m between plants, achieving larger planting populations. 60,000 ha-1 plants, so the crops can use the light properly, grow uniformly and also have adequate grain yields, this way of sowing predicts a cob of good size per plant, in addition, it is important to decrease or choose undermine soil movement related to planting and weed control tasks. This production system does not remove the soil and allows the crop residues to accumulate on the surface and locates the seed on the ground without moving it, it is perhaps the soil management technique that would indicate more long-term impact on productivity since it helps soils regenerate in their chemical, physical and biological properties.

This work is based on the literature review, starting from the agronomic observation indicates the reality regarding the production system of open pollination corn by producers in family farming in the Ecuadorian Sierra. This study manifests research duties that would improve productivity. Traditional systems for the production of corn do not allow the crop to develop phenologically and pheometrically properly and produce the maximum potential per unit area. Uniform populations are achieved by applying the production system to espeque, placing one seed per site at distances ranging from 0.7 to 0.8 m between streets and from 0.18 to 0.25 m between plants, achieving larger planting populations. 60,000 ha-1 plants, so the crops can use the light properly, grow uniformly and also have adequate grain yields, this way of sowing predicts a cob of good size per plant, in addition, it is important to decrease or choose undermine soil movement related to planting and weed control tasks. This production system does not remove the soil and allows the crop residues to accumulate on the surface and locates the seed on the ground without moving it, it is perhaps the soil management technique that would indicate more long-term impact on productivity since it helps soils regenerate in their chemical, physical and biological properties.

Este trabajo se fundamenta en la revisión bibliográfica, partiendo desde la observación agronómica indica la realidad en cuanto al sistema de producción del maíz de polinización abierta por parte de los productores en la agricultura familiar de la Sierra ecuatoriana. Se manifiesta en este estudio deberes de investigación que mejorarían la productividad. Los sistemas tradicionales para la producción de maíz no permiten que el cultivo se desarrolle fenológica y fenométricamente de forma adecuada y produzca el máximo potencial por unidad de superficie. Se logran poblaciones uniformes aplicando el sistema de producción a espeque, ubicando una semilla por sitio a distancias que varían de 0,7 a 0,8 m entre calles y de 0,18 a 0,25 m entre plantas, logrando poblaciones de siembra mayores a 60 000 plantas ha-1, así los cultivos pueden utilizar la luz de manera adecuada, crecen uniformemente y además presentan rendimientos de grano adecuados, esta forma de sembrar augura una mazorca de buen tamaño por planta, además, es importante disminuir o eli¬minar el movimiento del suelo relacionado a tareas de siembra y control de malezas. Este sistema de producción no remueve el suelo y deja que se acumulen los desechos de cosechas en la superficie y ubica la semilla en el terreno sin moverlo, es quizás la técnica de manejo del suelo que indicaría más im¬pacto a largo tiempo en la productividad ya que colabora a que los suelos se regeneren en sus propiedades químicas, físicas y biológicas.