THE IMPROVEMENT OF PROSTHODONTIC METHODS OF HALVANOSIS MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT

The work is part of the research “The dental health restore in patients with common dental diseases and their rehabilitation”. 0116U004191. Galvanosis is a disease caused by the action of galvanic currents, which are initiated due to the occurrence of electrochemical processes in the oral cavity between metal dental restorations. The development of galvanosis phenomena is accompanied by the increasing of electric potentials difference, current strength, electric conductivity of oral liquid. Moreover, intra-oral reactions, oral and gingival lichenoid reactions, and some instances of systemic reactions of intolerance to metal alloys is observed. The aim of the study was to improve the prosthodontic methods of prevention and treatment of galvanosis by creating the design of porcelain-fused-to-metal crown. Patients with galvanosis have a high level of complaints, which is characterized by a bright intra-oral reactions (such as redness, swelling, and pain of the oral mucosa and lips), high quantitative indicators of subjective symptoms 42 + 2.53 points per patient, high potential difference and low saliva pH of the oral cavity. After removal of metal prosthodontic constructions in patients there is a significant reduction of the symptoms of galvanosis (subjective symptoms of 4.22 + 1.49 points), reducing the potential difference and increasing the saliva pH of the oral cavity. The use of our treatment method of and the galvanosis management due to porcelain-fused-to-metal crown has led to almost complete reduction of galvanosis symptoms, normalization of biopotentials and saliva pH of the oral cavity. The offered design of porcelain-fused-to-metal crown for the prevention of galvanosis is consisted of a solid metal frame with the application of a facing ceramic layer. The edge of the crown metal framework is made distant from the edge of the ledge by 1-1.5 mm. The crown facing ceramic layer is made at the edge of the metal framework on the width of the ledge and completely replace the metal in the ledge, in this way isolating the metal frame from contact with oral fluid. So, occurrence of galvanic currents and in general the phenomenon of galvanosis has eliminated. This offered design of the metal-ceramic crown for the prevention of galvanosis can completely isolate the metal frame from contact with oral fluid, prevents the occurrence of galvanic currents, and, as a result, increases the prosthetics efficiency. The offered design of porcelain-fused-to-metal crown for the prevention of galvanosis can be applied in different dentition areas of the lower and upper jaws. So, the widespread use of this treatment method to prevent adverse reactions of oral mucosa due to galvanosis in clinical practice.