Replication of Norovirus in cell culture reveals a tropism for dendritic cells and macrophages.

Christiane E Wobus; Stephanie M Karst; Larissa B Thackray; Kyeong-Ok Chang; Stanislav V Sosnovtsev; Gaël Belliot; Anne Krug; Jason M Mackenzie; Kim Y Green; Herbert W Virgin

Replication of Norovirus in cell culture reveals a tropism for dendritic cells and macrophages.

2004

Noroviruses are understudied because these important enteric pathogens have not been cultured to date. We found that the norovirus murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1) infects macrophage-like cells in vivo and replicates in cultured primary dendritic cells and macrophages. MNV-1 growth was inhibited by the interferon-alphabeta receptor and STAT-1, and was associated with extensive rearrangements of intracellular membranes. An amino acid substitution in the capsid protein of serially passaged MNV-1 was associated with virulence attenuation in vivo. This is the first report of replication of a norovirus in cell culture. The capacity of MNV-1 to replicate in a STAT-1-regulated fashion and the unexpected tropism of a norovirus for cells of the hematopoietic lineage provide important insights into norovirus biology.

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