In Vitro Assessment of Organic and Residual Fractions of Nematicidal Culture Filtrates from Thirteen Tropical <i>Trichoderma</i> Strains and Metabolic Profiles of Most-Active
Felicia Amalia Moo-Koh | Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo | María Fé Andrés | Jesús Martín | Fernando Reyes | Jose María Tun-Suárez | Marcela Gamboa-Angulo
The nematicidal properties of <i>Trichoderma</i> species have potential for developing safer biocontrol agents. In the present study, 13 native <i>Trichoderma</i> strains from <i>T. citrinoviride</i>, <i>T. ghanense</i> (2 strains), <i>T. harzianum</i> (4), <i>T</i>. <i>koningiopsis</i>, <i>T. simmonsii</i>, and <i>T. virens</i> (4) with nematicidal activity were selected and cultured in potato dextrose broth to obtain a culture filtrate (CF) for each. Each CF was partitioned with ethyl acetate to obtain organic (EA) and residual filtrate (RF) fractions, which were then tested on second-stage juveniles (J2s) of the nematodes <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> and <i>M. incognita</i> in a microdilution assay. The most lethal strains were <i>T. harzianum</i> Th43-14, <i>T. koningiopsis</i> Th41-11, <i>T. ghanense</i> Th02-04, and <i>T. virens</i> Th32-09, which caused 51–100% mortality (%M) of J2s of both nematodes, mainly due to their RF fractions. Liquid chromatography–diode array detector-electrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of the most-active fractions revealed sesquiterpene and polyketide-like metabolites produced by the four active strains. These native <i>Trichoderma</i> strains have a high potential to develop safer natural products for the biocontrol of <i>Meloidogyne</i> species.
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