Modifying Carbohydrate Supply to Fruit during Development Changes the Composition and Flavour of <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ Kiwifruit
Danielle Le Lievre | Rachelle Anderson | Helen Boldingh | Janine Cooney | Richard Seelye | Nick Gould | Denise Hunter | Dwayne Jensen | Trisha Pereira | Mark Wohlers | Mike Clearwater | Annette Richardson
Consumer acceptance of fruit is determined by size, flavour and ripeness. In this study we investigated how altering the carbohydrate supply to <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit altered the balance between growth and accumulation of metabolites. Canes were phloem girdled and fruit thinned to a leaf-to-fruit ratio (L:F) of either 2 (Low carbohydrate) or 6 (High carbohydrate) at either 38 (Early) or 86 (Late) days after anthesis (DAA) and compared with ungirdled control canes with a L:F of 3. Fruit growth, metabolite accumulation, cytokinin concentrations and maturation were monitored and the sensory attributes of ripe fruit were assessed. The final weight of Early-High and Late-High carbohydrate fruit was 38% and 16% greater compared with control fruit. High carbohydrate fruit had increased starch, soluble sugar and cytokinin concentrations and fruit began to mature earlier and those with a Low carbohydrate had decreased concentrations and matured later compared with control fruit. Control fruit were described by consumers as more acidic and under-ripe compared with those from Early-High carbohydrate canes, but as sweeter than those from Low carbohydrate canes. This study showed that carbohydrate supply can have a major impact on the growth, sugar accumulation and maturity of ‘Zesy002’ fruit sinks.
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