Adherent-Invasive E. coli: Update on the Lifestyle of a Troublemaker in Crohn's Disease
2020
Chervy, Mélissa | Barnich, Nicolas | Denizot, Jérémy | Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH) ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Ministere de la Recherche et de la Technologie, Inserm (UMR 1071), INRAe (USC-2018) Fondation pour la Recherche MedicaleECO201906008953French government IDEX-ISITE initiative of the University of Clermont Auvergne 16-IDEX-0001 | ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016)
International audience
Показать больше [+] Меньше [-]Английский. Besides genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors, the intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the etiology of Crohn's disease (CD). Among microbiota alterations, a particular pathotype of Escherichia coli involved in the pathogenesis of CD abnormally colonizes the intestinal mucosa of patients: the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathobiont bacteria, which have the abilities to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), as well as to survive and replicate within macrophages. AIEC have been the subject of many studies in recent years to unveil some genes linked to AIEC virulence and to understand the impact of AIEC infection on the gut and consequently their involvement in CD. In this review, we describe the lifestyle of AIEC bacteria within the intestine, from the interaction with intestinal epithelial and immune cells with an emphasis on environmental and genetic factors favoring their implantation, to their lifestyle in the intestinal lumen. Finally, we discuss AIEC-targeting strategies such as the use of FimH antagonists, bacteriophages, or antibiotics, which could constitute therapeutic options to prevent and limit AIEC colonization in CD patients.
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