Efficient Removal of Congo Red Dye Using Activated Carbon Derived from Mixed Fish Scales Waste: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies
2024
Vevosa Nakro, Ketiyala Ao, Tsenbeni N. Lotha, Imkongyanger Ao, Lemzila Rudithongru, Chubaakum Pongener, Merangmenla Aier, Aola Supong and Latonglila Jamir
The discharge of large quantities of organic dyes into the environment causes significant harm to humans and the environment. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop cost-effective adsorbents for removing these dyes. In the present study, the synthesis of activated carbon (AC) derived from mixed fish scale waste using KOH activation was investigated for Congo red (CR) dye removal. The finding shows that the obtained biocarbon has a fixed carbon of 42.9% with a crystallinity index of 15.01%. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm was found to be type IV, signifying mesoporous structure with a surface area and total pore volume of 150.049 m2 g-1 and 0.119 cm3.g-1. Batch adsorption was carried out by various adsorbent doses, initial concentration, contact time, and pH to comprehend the effect of operating parameters on its removal efficacy. The isotherm studies fitted well for Freundlich with an R2 of 0.99%. Adsorption kinetics was best fitted by the pseudo-second-order model and thermodynamic studies revealed the adsorption process to be exothermic and spontaneous. The efficiency of AC was also studied by an amount of sorption and desorption cycles which showed its potential for reusability up to the sixth cycle. Thus, the findings suggest that activated carbon derived from mixed fish scale waste is a promising adsorbent for removing Congo red dye from aqueous solutions.
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