Loss-of-function variants of CYP706A3 in two natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana increase floral sesquiterpene emission

Moonyoung Kang; Yuri Choi; Hyeonjin Kim; Min-Soo Choi; Seula Lee; Youbong Hyun; Sang-Gyu Kim

Loss-of-function variants of CYP706A3 in two natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana increase floral sesquiterpene emission

2025

Abstract Background The major floral scent compounds of Arabidopsis thaliana flowers are terpenes. Although A. thaliana is generally considered to be a self-pollinating plant, there are natural variation in terpene volatile emission from flowers. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the natural variation in Arabidopsis floral scents remain limited. Results Here, we screened 116 natural accessions of A. thaliana and observed a substantial variability in the levels of terpene emission across these accessions. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) uncovered a genomic region associated with the observed variability in myrcene, one of monoterpene compounds. We then performed high-throughput genetic mapping using two representative accessions: Col-0 and Fr-2, which emit low and large amounts of floral terpenes, respectively. Next-generation mapping and RNA sequencing analyses revealed that the natural premature stop codon of CYP706A3 of Fr-2, located at the 98th codon, confers high emission of sesquiterpene from flowers. We also found an independent mutation of CYP706A3 of Np-0 in different position, leading to increased sesquiterpene emission. Interestingly, the expression levels of defense-related genes in Fr-2 were lower than those in Col-0 flowers, which suggests that terpene volatiles are potentially linked to floral defense. Conclusions The natural variation in Arabidopsis floral scent emission was partially explained by one natural allele of CYP706A3. Since some natural accessions harboring a functional allele of CYP706A3 still emit the large amount of floral sesquiterpene, it is possible that rare variants located on other loci increase scent emission.

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