PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF USING CLOVE POWDER AND OIL AS FISH ANESTHETIC ON YOUNG COMMON CARP (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The aim of the present study is to assess the physiological impact of clove powder and oil as anesthetics on young common carp (averaged 60 g in weight). Three concentrations of clove powder (200, 300 and 400 mg/L) and clove oil (1, 1.5 and 2 ml/L) were used with three replicates of 3 fish in 30 L glass aquaria each. Time of anesthesia and recovery in addition to physiological indices (ventilation rate, plasma sugar and cortisol levels, RBC and WBC count) were monitored. Carp exposed to doses of clove powder showed clear adverse relation between induction time and concentration of the anesthetic, (452 sec. in 200 mg/ L and 137sec. in 400 mg/L). Recovery time was negatively correlated to induction time and was directly proportional with increasing doses of clove powder (290 sec. at 400mg/L and 199 sec. at 200mg/L). The ventilation rate increased significantly in all stages of anesthesia and recovery compared to control (17.5 /15 sec.). RBC decreased at higher concentrations to 0.78 and 0.34 x1012 cells/L compared to control (0.93x10 12 cell/L) during anesthesia and recovery stages. WBC count declined in both anesthesia and recovery stages, coinciding with the elevation of sugar and cortisol which act as an immunosuppressive. Fish exposed to 1 and 1.5 and 2 ml/L of clove oil took 275, 208 and 93 sec. respectively, to enter complete anesthesia. The longest time to the full recovery (239.25 sec.) was seen at high concentration and decreased to 229 sec. in light concentration. There was a clear negative correlation between anesthesia and recovery times. RBCs count decreased significantly to (0.88x1012cells/L) at1.5 ml/L. It increased during recovery compared to control (0.92x1012cells/L). WBC count in anesthetized fishes with 1, 1.5 and 2 ml/L show significant increase to (218, 198 and 232x109cells/L) respectively, when compared to control group(128x109cells/L). They increased to (191, 162 and 207 x109 cells/L) during recovery. Significant increase in the concentrations of cortisol was seen during anesthesia and recovery compared with control. No increase in sugar level was detected during anesthesia with only slight increase during recovery. Results were discussed in terms of physiological status of fish during sedation and recovery for both materials.