Introduction. The development of ideas about the influence of the light environment - the radiation spectrum, intensity and duration of exposure, on the physiology of plants, serves as the basis for the creation of effective light sources for protected ground.Purpose. Comparative test of the influence of a light environment with different spectral composition on the productivity and quality of tomatoes in conditions of intensive photo culture.Methods. Investigations were made under controlled conditions of intensive photoculture when growing dwarf tomatoes of the variety Natasha selections of the “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” on thin-layer soil analogs with the supply of a nutrient solution to the plant roots through a slit capillary in vegetative light installations developed at the ARI. The light sources were high-pressure sodium lamps and LED lamps SD1, SD2, and SD3 with different emission spectra. Results. Tomatoes of the Natasha variety, illuminated during development with HPS lamps, formed almost the same yield with an average fruit weight of 42.5 kg/m2 per layer per year. Natasha tomato grown under LED lamps showed a tendency to lower productivity by 29% under SD1 and by 8% under SD2 and higher by 19% under underSD3 compared to that under HPS lamps. A comparative assessment of the biochemical composition of tomato fruits indicates their high quality under all tested light sources.Conclusion. Cultivation of dwarf tomato varieties on thin-layer soil analogs showed the best results in terms of productivity with good quality plant products under LED lamps SD3 with a radiation spectrum close to sunlight.

Relevance. LED sources of plant irradiation, surpassing the level of sodium light sources in terms of energy efficiency, are superior to them in terms of the possibility of optimizing spectral characteristics. Therefore, the issue of wider use of LED light sources when growing plants under light culture conditions is relevant. Possessing significantly greater efficiency compared to high-pressure sodium lamps, LEDs are of great interest to greenhouse growers. However, the successful application of these new light sources requires new approaches. And the main thing is that LED sources of plant irradiation cannot be widely used without changing the technology for growing vegetable crops in protected soil, without introducing new, specially created hybrids. And direct replacement of sodium light sources with LEDs does not make sense.Methods. The studies were carried out in a modern greenhouse under controlled conditions of real light culture while growing a medium-fruited tomato F1 Bountis (DRS). The area of the registration plot was 326 m2. For phenological observations and crop recording, areas with the same number of plants were allocated in the center of the recording plot, leaving protective strips in one row of plants along the edges. The installed lighting power is 200 W/m2. The light source was high-pressure sodium lamps DNaZ/Reflux 600W 400V with a ZhSP25 Reflux lamp with electronic ballasts, as well as a LED greenhouse lamp 680W 400V.Results. When using a hybrid system, the total illumination in the PAR region is 40% higher compared to a sodium lighting system, and it would be expected that the yield of the tomato crop will change accordingly. In general, over the entire period of the experiment, the yield under hybrid lighting conditions was higher by only 3 kg/m2 or 5.5% and amounted to 58.3 kg/m2, and under the sodium system – 55.2 kg/m2. At the same time, under the conditions of the hybrid lighting system, plant growth was slightly behind the control: the length of the main stem was by 15%, the number of established leaves and their average length by 3%, the number of formed inflorescences by 5%, and the thickness of the leaf blade by 20%.Conclusion. An increase in light does not always lead to a similar increase in yield. Not just light is important for plants, it is important to correctly assess its productivity and spectral composition. The problem of assessing illumination taking into account the real interaction of light with the plant exists and must be solved.

The development of ideas about the influence of the light environment (the radiation spectrum, intensity and duration of exposure) on the physiology of plants, serves as the basis for the creation of effective light sources for protected ground. The purpose of the work is comparative test of the influence of a light environment with different spectral composition on the productivity and quality of tomatoes. Investigations were made under controlled conditions of intensive photoculture when growing dwarf tomatoes of the variety Natasha bred in the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center on thin-layer soil counterparts (TSC) with the supply of a nutrient solution to the plant roots through a slit capillary in vegetative light installations developed at the Agrophysical Research Institute. The light sources were high-pressure sodium lamps and LED lamps SD1, SD2, and SD3 with different emission spectra (yellow, pink and close to solar, respectively). Tomatoes plants illuminated during development with HPS lamps formed an average yield of 8.5 kg/m2. The plants grown under LED lamps exhibited a tendency to lower productivity (less by 29% under SD1 and by 8% under SD2) and to higher (more by 19%) under underSD3 compared to that under HPS lamps. A comparative assessment of the biochemical composition of tomato fruits indicates their high quality under all tested light sources irrespective of light sources. It has been concluded that the best productivity (10.5 kg/m2) with good quality products is achieved by cultivating dwarf tomato varieties on TSC under LED lamps SD3 having a radiation spectrum maximum close to sunlight. | Развитие представлений о влиянии световой среды (спектра излучения, интенсивности и продолжительности воздействия) на физиологию растений служит основой для создания эффективных источников света для защищенного грунта. Цель работы - сравнительное испытание влияния световой среды с различным спектральным составом на продуктивность и качество томатов. Исследования проводили в регулируемых условиях интенсивной светокультуры при выращивании томата карликового сорта Наташа, выведенного в Федеральном центре овощеводства, на тонкослойных аналогах почвы (ТАП) с подачей питательного раствора к корням растений по щелевому капилляру в вегетационных светоустановках, разработанных Агрофизическим НИИ. Источниками света служили натриевые лампы высокого давления и светодиодные светильники СД1, СД2 и СД3 с различными спектрами излучения (соответственно, желтым, розовым и близким к солнечному). Растения томата, освещаемые в процессе развития лампами ДНаЗ, сформировали в среднем урожайность 8,5 кг/м2. Растения, выращенные под светодиодными светильниками, показали тенденцию к более низкой продуктивности (меньше на 29% под СД1 и на 8% под СД2) и к более высокой (больше на 19%) под СД3 по сравнению с таковой под лампами ДНаЗ. Сравнительная оценка биохимического состава плодов томата свидетельствует о высоком их качестве вне зависимости от источника света. Сделан вывод, что наилучшая продуктивность (10,5 кг/м2) при хорошем качестве продукции достигается при культивировании карликовых сортов томата на ТАП под светодиодными светильниками СД3, спектр излучения которых максимально близок к солнечному свету.