Research staff All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in collaboration with Russian state agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev agricultural Academy conducted research (2014-2016) on the effect of fertilizers and plant growth regulators on changes in the quality of onions of the Pervenets F1, Bennito F1 hybrids and Poisk 012 F1 during storage. As a result of research, the greatest effect was obtained from the complex application of N90P90K90 in combination with trace elements (tenso-cocktail) and a growth regulator Zircon. This system allowed to obtain high biochemical parameters of onions. At the end of the 7 months of storage (October-may), the highest dry matter and sugar content and the minimum nitrate content was observed in Pervenets F1 onions, as well as in hybrid Bennito F1. In the latematuring hybrid onions Poisk 012 F1 at the end of storage, the dry matter content decreased to 6,8-7,3%, sugars to 3,6-4,1%, vitamin "C" to 3,2-4,9 mg%, and nitrates increased to 92,1 mg/kg, which led to a decrease in product quality and large losses of onions from diseases and natural losses (up to 48-59%). The main reason for these losses was the lack of maturity of bulbs,low solids and sugars during harvest. It is obvious that for long-term storage it is necessary to use bulbs with a dry matter content of at least 10%. It was found out that feeding of onions during the beginning of the formation of food organizations with potassium nitrate, treatment with a growth regulator of Zircon and a complex of microelements of tenso-cocktail contributes to better preservation of the quality of onions.

The results of ecological variety testing of table carrot samples in soil and climatic conditions of the south of the Rostov region are presented. The experiments were laid in the period 2020 and 2021 in the fields of the Biryuchekut OSOS branch of the FSBI FNCO in the city of Novocherkassk, Rostov region. 12 samples of carrot plants from the first year of life were studied. The most productive samples were Marlinka – 59.7 t/ha Aksinya – 55.3 t/ha and Abaco F1 standard – 51.9 t/ha. The marketability of root crops was higher in the samples of Shantane 2461-82%, Aksinya – 78.9%, Boyar – 74.2% and Primorskaya 22-72.9%. The conducted research makes a great contribution to the process of selecting the source material for the creation of new varieties and hybrids of table carrots. The isolated samples can be recommended for commercial cultivation in the Rostov region and used in breeding work as a starting material.

Relevance. In connection with the development of industrial hydroponics in the country, the need arose to create targeted varieties and hybrids of F1 small radish for salad lines, which have special requirements. They should be productive, early ripening and shade-tolerant, with a rounded root shape and a small compact rosette of leaves, resistant to premature stem formation (stem formation). Root vegetables should be juicy, dense, without voids and bitterness, as well as with a high content of ascorbic acid and other biologically active substances and low accumulation of pollutants.Methodology. The material for the study was selection samples of small radishes created in the laboratory of selection and seed production of table root crops of the Federal State Budgetary Institution " Federal Scientific Vegetable Center". The assessment of promising breeding material was carried out in the seedling department of the Richel greenhouse and in the production conditions of Moskovsky LLC according to the methods adopted by the Federal Scientific Center.Results. Based on the assessment results, promising leveled material was identified, adapted to the conditions of salad lines, both in terms of a set of characteristics and in individual areas of selection: No. 81 with high yield and marketability, having large red root crops of a round-oval shape and a small leaf rosette, No. 83 – with large roots, small leaf rosette and resistance to flowering, No. 80 is a genetic source of high resistance to flowering (3.6%) combined with marketability and a small leaf rosette. Genetic sources of high dry matter content were identified – the Dutch hybrid F1 Gloritet, monosaccharides – sample No. 83, ascorbic acid – No. 76, 81, 82, 84, high content of vitamin "C" and monosaccharides in root vegetables – No. 76. In the production conditions of Moskovsky LLC, three promising samples small radishes stood out with a yield of more than 2200 g per 1 m2 and a marketability of 93.9-96.8%, distinguished by large rounded red root crops, a small rosette of leaves and a thin axial root.

Relevance. Onion is one of the most important vegetable crops of the borscht group, in the NonChernozem zone it is cultivated mainly through sowing, but modern technologies of cultivation of new varieties and hybrids of intensive type, drip irrigation, new types of mineral and organic fertilizers and plant growth regulators allow to obtain a high yield of onions (50 – 70 t/ha) in an annual crop in conditions of fertile alluvial soils and dramatically increase the profitability of production. Onions grown from seeds, as a rule, respond poorly to the use of large doses of mineral tuks due to the increased concentration of soil solution and a decrease in the density of standing plants.Material and methods. Research in 2014-2020 were carried out on the experimental field of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry of VNIIO – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of the Federal Scientific Research Center on the alluvial meadow soil of the central part of the Moskvoretskaya floodplain (Ramenskiy district, MO). The experiments were carried out in 3 replicates, with a systematic distribution of replicates. As the main mineral fertilizer, nitroammophoska was used, containing 16% of ae. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. As organic fertilizers, we used biocompost of cattle, horse and chicken manure from TONEKS LLC, a domestic manufacturer of agrochemically and agronomically valuable bioorganic products of the BIUD family.Results. These studies made it possible to find out that biocompost from cattle manure, horse and chicken manure in balanced doses with mineral fertilizers for nitrogen, as well as growth regulators Zircon and Argolan, can significantly increase the yield of annual onions to 58.8-66.4 t/ha while increasing the standard of bulbs without reducing the biochemical quality indicators. The most effective were chicken manure (16% increase), Argolan (21% increase) and Zircon (10-21% increase in the yield of different hybrids).

Relevance. ICarrots are known all over the world. It contains a large amount of carotene-provitamin A and a lot of useful substances – vitamin C, sugar pectin’s, potassium, and essential oils. This valuable crop is grown all over the world and in different weather and climatic conditions. When growing carrots, it is necessary to carefully select varieties and hybrids that will give a high commercial yield, as well as are resistant to biotic and abiotic factors.Materials and methods. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the fields of the Biryuchekut vegetable breeding experimental station of the branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in open ground conditions. The object of research was the varieties of carrots.Results. While breeding work on the Biryuchekutsky vegetable breeding experimental station a new variety of carrot Aksinya was obtained. In 2018, it was included in the station variety test. The new promising variety has an earlier maturation period on average 10 days earlier than the standards, a conical, blunt-edged form of orange-colored root crops with high taste qualities. The yield is at the level of 45 t / ha. It has excellent preservation during winter storage, resistance to diseases, as well as the ability to grow in arid and hot climates on heavy soils, while maintaining a high marketability of 72-76%.

Introduction. The development of ideas about the influence of the light environment - the radiation spectrum, intensity and duration of exposure, on the physiology of plants, serves as the basis for the creation of effective light sources for protected ground.Purpose. Comparative test of the influence of a light environment with different spectral composition on the productivity and quality of tomatoes in conditions of intensive photo culture.Methods. Investigations were made under controlled conditions of intensive photoculture when growing dwarf tomatoes of the variety Natasha selections of the “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” on thin-layer soil analogs with the supply of a nutrient solution to the plant roots through a slit capillary in vegetative light installations developed at the ARI. The light sources were high-pressure sodium lamps and LED lamps SD1, SD2, and SD3 with different emission spectra. Results. Tomatoes of the Natasha variety, illuminated during development with HPS lamps, formed almost the same yield with an average fruit weight of 42.5 kg/m2 per layer per year. Natasha tomato grown under LED lamps showed a tendency to lower productivity by 29% under SD1 and by 8% under SD2 and higher by 19% under underSD3 compared to that under HPS lamps. A comparative assessment of the biochemical composition of tomato fruits indicates their high quality under all tested light sources.Conclusion. Cultivation of dwarf tomato varieties on thin-layer soil analogs showed the best results in terms of productivity with good quality plant products under LED lamps SD3 with a radiation spectrum close to sunlight.

Relevance. In modern vegetable growing in the southern and central regions of Russia, new scientific developments are widely used, including the use of new varieties and hybrids, a drip irrigation system, fertigation with soluble fertilizers with microelements. All these agricultural practices make it possible to increase the yield of vegetable crops by several times, as well as to significantly increase the efficiency of applied fertilizers. The purpose of our work was to establish the effectiveness of the use of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers for tomato with the main application and top dressing under drip irrigation.Methodology. Research in 2019-2021 on ordinary heavy loamy chernozem of the experimental field of the Birutchecutskaya Vegetable Experimental Station – branch of FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Rostov Region, Novocherkassk) with a new variety of tomato Krasny banker.Results. It was revealed that without fertilization, the yield of tomatoes was at the level of 32-35 t/ha; the use of the recommended dose of N120P120K120 in the main application increased the yield to 64- 72 t/ha; the use of the estimated dose of mineral fertilizers (for a yield of 100 t/ha) increased the yield of tomatoes to 95 t/ha. The use of three-fold root feeding of plants with drip irrigation increased the yield by 21%, and with foliar feeding – by 2-8%. As a root top dressing for drip irrigation, a solution of microcrystalline water-soluble fertilizer "Master" with a different ratio of nutrients was used, and for foliar top dressing, an organomineral nanofertilizer with growth-stimulating activity "Arksoil KKR" was used. In general, a set of agrochemical practices made it possible to increase the tomato yield under drip irrigation from 33.7 to 102.8 t/ha, more than 3 times, without reducing the dry matter content in fruits and without nitrate contamination of products.

Relevance. Most of the pea varieties used in the production of canned vegetables have similar morphological structure of the stalk: shortened internodes, their limited number and location in the upper part of the stalk. The deficiency of such plant architectonics is the limitation of yielding capacity in relation to small number of yielding nodes, yielding capacity instability, and high degree of affliction by plant diseases. The production of pea varieties having an increased number of yielding nodes will allow changing the relation between the nonproductive and reproductive parts to the advantage of the latter.Methods. The pea varieties from the collection of bean cultures laboratories of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center were used as the research varieties. The main method of work was intervarietal hybridization with subsequent single plant selection. In 2018-2019 the selected lines were seeded in a nursery with an area of 7 m2 . The forms with changed flowering pattern (Pervenets, Ranniy 28-11, Wenson) and the most yielding early and midseason varieties (Dakota, Ranniy Gribovsky 11, Voronezhsky Zelyony, Korsar, Orus, Viola, Zelyonaya Strela, Quartella) were used as parent components. The selection was performed on the basis of the following features: changed flowering pattern, the number of yielding nodes, the number of legumes on a node, as well as the length of a bean and the number of seeds in a legume. A finometer was used for the determination of the green pea hardness.Results. Sample 50-4-19 having a relatively low number of yielding nodes (6, 9) had the highest characteristics and was considerably superior to all the other samples by its yielding capacity during the first and the second harvesting periods (7.24 and 9.55 tons per hectare). The selection of the early forms with the changed flowering pattern and the shift of the attraction centre to the 2nd or to the 3rd node allow carrying out breeding aimed at increasing the early ripeness and the yielding capacity of peas.

Potatoes in all categories of farms in the Permskii Krai occupy 41.3 thousand hectares, in agricultural enterprises – 4.5 thousand hectares, with an average yield for 2014-2016 of 13.9 t / ha. The Permskii Krai there are all the prerequisites for obtaining high yields of potatoes. One of them is potato seed production. Variety, one of the important tasks of seed production, without it, with the ever-increasing need for new universal varieties that combine preservation of the original qualities for as long as possible, i.e. high stable productivity, early yield accumulation, good culinary and technical qualities (starchiness, good keeping quality, etc.) with resistance to the most harmful diseases, pests and adverse environmental conditions cannot be dispensed with. The purpose of research: the identification of promising varieties of potatoes, highly productive, in the Perm region. Investigations were carried out in 2011-2016 at the central experimental field of the Perm Agricultural Research Institute Branch of Perm Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science. In the collection nursery, 33 varieties of three groups of precocity were tested. A comparative assessment of potato varieties by yield and economic characteristics is presented. Promising potato varieties for cultivation under the conditions of the Perm Territory were identified in the group of early maturing: Albatross, Nandina, Latona, medium-early varieties: Irbit, 428- 05, Bravo, Miner, Amur. The varieties Crisper, Lukoshko, Bafana were the best in selected indicators in the mid-season group. Comparative assessment of potato varieties according to yield and economic characteristics is presented; studies were carried out at the Perm Agricultural Research Institute Branch of Perm Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science in the soil and climatic conditions of 2011-2016. Promising potato varieties for cultivation under the conditions of the Permskii Krai were identified in the group of early maturing: Albatross, Nandina, Latona, medium-early varieties: Irbit, 428-05, Bravo, Miner, Amur. The varieties Crisper, Lukoshko, Bafana were the best in selected indicators in the mid-season group.

Watermelon is one of the most common crops of medium melons. Biological peculiarities of cultivation of watermelon allow using global warming as a factor expanding the area for cultivation. Breeding work is carried out to develop new varieties and hybrids of watermelon suitable for cultivation in more Northern areas of the Russian Federation with a shorter vegetation period In Bykovskaya Melons and Gourds Experimental Breeding Station. To accomplish this goal the creation of new varieties of watermelon, early maturity with excellent taste, friendly fruit ripening, drought-resistant, suitable for intensive cultivation technology is carried out. Currently, the new early maturing variety of watermelon ‘Meteor’ with a growing period for 65-70 days and dry matter content to 12.0% has been transferred to the State Variety Trial. According to research results, comparative characteristics between new promising variety ‘Meteor’ and control variety ‘Zenith’ were given. The ‘Meteor exceeded the standard variety in yield ability by 19.0 сwt/ha. According to pathogen tests for complex resistance the ‘Meteor’ exceeded the control by 6.4 % for Fusarium, and scored at 0.8 against Anthracnose attack.